Jewish community of Gommersheim

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Gommersheim Jewish community in Gommersheim existed until 1932 and was then incorporated into the Geinsheim Jewish community .

history

As early as 1670, four Jewish families are named who lived in Gommersheim. In the years up to the middle of the 19th century, the number of Jewish community members rose steadily. In 1835 the Jewish population made up 10.6 percent of the total population of Gommersheim. From the middle of the 19th century, there were several waves of emigration and emigration, mainly to the United States and, in the course of advancing industrialization, to the larger cities. This meant that the number of Jewish residents of Gommersheim also declined. From the mid-1920s, the number of members of the Jewish community had declined to such an extent that the minyan required to conduct a church service was only occasionally achieved. At that time, the parishioners were already mostly attending the services in the synagogue in Geinsheim. From 1930 onwards, no more services were held. In 1932 the Gommersheim Jewish community was dissolved and from that point on the members belonged to the Geinsheim Jewish community. From 1933, after the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler , the Jewish inhabitants were increasingly disenfranchised and were also subject to the repression. With the exception of five Jewish residents, all of them had left Gommersheim by 1940. The last inhabitants of the Jewish faith were deported to the French internment camp Gurs in October 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

Development of the Jewish population

year Jews Jewish families comment
1670 4th
1686 4th
1786 39 7th
1808 52 or 62
1825 65 8 percent of the population of Gommersheim
1835 90 10.6 percent of the population of Gommersheim
1851 101 or 102 19th
1857 76
1861 67
1869 42
1890 50 or 52 15th
1900 45
1905 53
1924 30th
1933 22nd
1936 13 or 17
1937 12
1938 11
September 1940 5
  1. ↑ a b c d The sources give different numbers here

Source: alemannia-judaica.de; jewische-gemeinden.de

Facilities

synagogue

The synagogue was established in 1826 in a half-timbered house from the 18th century at Hauptstrasse 58 that was acquired by the Jewish community . The building was sold in 1937 and demolished in 1966.

Mikveh

The mikvah was in a separate building right next to the synagogue. The building was demolished together with the synagogue in 1966.

graveyard

The community did not have its own cemetery. The deceased were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Essingen, which was laid out in 1618 .

school

The Jewish community had its own school. This was a Jewish denominational school until 1875 and from then on, due to the declining number of pupils, it was only a religious school. From 1875 the Jewish children attended the Catholic school in the community of Gommersheim. At times, a separate religion teacher was employed, who also performed the duties of prayer leader and shochet .

Holocaust victim

In the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 and in the Central Database of the Names of the Holocaust Victims of Yad Vashem , the following members of the Gommersheim Jewish community (who were born there or lived temporarily) are listed who were born during the time of Nazism were murdered:

Surname First name Time of death Age Place of death comment swell
Dreifus Jacob unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from June 28 to September 23, 1938 . Imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp from September 23, 1938 to January 5, 1939 . Deported on October 22nd to the Gurs internment camp. On August 5, 1942, deportation from Gurs to the Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport 17 / Train 901-12). Yad Vashem (database, data set No. 11489629 and 3170351) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Dreifus Jenny unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation on August 5, 1942 to the Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport 17 / Train 901-12). Yad Vashem (database, data record No. 3170087) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Dreifus Joseph unknown unknown Litzmannstadt ghetto Imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp from November 14, 1938 to February 6, 1939. Deported from Frankfurt am Main on October 20, 1941 to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11489631) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Dreifus Milka Emma unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11489634) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Dreifus Siegmund (Zigmund, Sigmund) unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deported on August 6, 1942 to the Gurs internment camp. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 11489636, 4336586, 3937444 and 645491) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
tripod Johanna unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 5, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport 17 / train 901-12). Yad Vashem (database, data record No. 3170088) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Tripod (tripod) Siegmund unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Emigrated to France. Imprisoned in the Drancy assembly camp. Deportation from Gurs internment camp on August 5, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp (Transport 17 / train 901-12). Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 3170097 and 11489731) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Grombacher flora unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11510233) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Lehmann Selma unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11571994) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Mane Emilie November 6, 1941 66 years Gurs internment camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Yad Vashem (database, dataset No. 3201063 and 11587543) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Metz Paula (Pauline) unknown unknown Treblinka extermination camp Deportation from Darmstadt on September 30, 1942 to the Treblinka extermination camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no.11622625) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
Simon Eugene unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. Yad Vashem (database, record no. 11634356) / Memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
wolf Emma unknown unknown Auschwitz concentration camp Deported to Gurs internment camp on October 22, 1940. Deportation from the Drancy assembly camp on August 10, 1942 to Auschwitz concentration camp. (Transport 18 / Zug901-13) Yad Vashem (database, record no. 3230813) / memorial book for the victims of the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany
  1. ↑ a b c These persons have different spellings of their first name and surname in the databases. Since the Yad Vashem database is partly based on handwritten reports on the victims of survivors, there are typographical errors here. Since all other data of the associated persons are absolutely identical, it can be assumed that they are the same persons. The Yad Vashem database has also partially merged these entries.

literature

  • Bernhard Kukatzki: The Jews in the Gäudorf Gommersheim. A historical sketch. Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation Palatinate, 1995.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gommersheim . alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b Gommersheim / Weinstrasse (Rhineland-Palatinate) . jewische-gemeinden.de. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  3. ↑ Commemorative Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Federal Archives. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  4. ^ Central database of the names of Holocaust victims . Yad Vashem - International Holocaust Memorial. Retrieved April 20, 2020.