Jewish community of Königswinter

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The Jewish community of Königswinter , today a town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia , was established in 1853 and dissolved in 1906.

history

There is evidence of people of the Jewish faith in the Siebengebirge region since the Middle Ages. The Jewish cemetery in Königswinter , which was also used for the burial of the deceased from Oberdollendorf , was laid out in the 16th century. A synagogue , the oldest in the region, had existed on the upper floor of the private house at 156 Hauptstrasse since 1754 . In 1853, as part of the reorganization of the Jewish system within the district and administrative district boundaries, the special synagogue community of Königswinter was formed, to which Honnef and Aegidienberg also belonged in addition to the city itself ; from 1863/64 it was part of the synagogue community of the Siegkreis . On July 21, 1867, the special synagogue community of Königswinter adopted its own synagogue order, which was approved by the government in Cologne on July 30 . In the same year it counted 13 taxable Jews, including five from Honnef. After the inauguration of the new synagogue in Oberdollendorf in 1872, at least since the 1880s, the Königswinter synagogue was presumably hardly used any more. In 1887, as a result of a significant decline in the Jewish population in Königswinter, Honnef was separated from the Königswinter special community as a separate special community . According to a resolution of the representative assembly of the synagogue community of the Siegkreis from 1901 on October 27, 1906, due to its continued shrinking, it was merged with the special community of Oberdollendorf.

Jewish population in Koenigswinter
year number
1816 58
1846 66
1854 52
1878 42
1885 22nd
1901 15th
1928 12

National Socialist Persecution

At the beginning of the Nazi era in 1933, nine Jews lived in Königswinter; Jewish residents ran a shoe store and a butcher's shop with dining house and boarding house ("Israelite ritual dining house and lodging") in Grabenstrasse. After the end of March 1933, the last synagogue in Königswinter, which was no longer used, was demolished due to its dilapidation and most of its interior furnishings were given to Siegburg . In June 1933, efforts by residents of the city began to close the Jewish cemetery, which finally took place in March 1934. The efforts of the city mayor in May 1936 to discriminate against the Jewish slaughterhouse and pension in Grabenstrasse met with rejection from the district administrator ; it could last for years. The Jewish owner had to deregister his footwear shop as a trade in December 1937 and it was taken over by a local shoemaker. In the course of the November pogroms in 1938 , tombstones were knocked over in the Jewish cemetery and the window panes of the Jewish slaughterhouse and guesthouse were thrown in on the night of November 11th. At the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, four Jews were still living in the city. The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists two Jewish citizens born in Königswinter who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

The preserved portal of the former house (today Hauptstrasse 397) of the Jewish citizen Albert Cahn (1877-1957) as access to the rear, demolished synagogue was in the course of the registration of the monuments of the city of Königswinter in 1987 and 1988 by the Rhenish Office for Preservation of monuments registered as an architectural monument .

  • Hauptstraße 397, portal as access to the former synagogue (2013)

literature

  • Manfred van Rey : Life and death of our Jewish fellow citizens in Koenigswinter: A book of remembrance (= City Koenigswinter, The City Director: Koenigswinter in history and present , issue 1, 1985).
  • Ansgar Sebastian Klein : Rise and Rule of National Socialism in the Siebengebirge . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89861-915-8 , p. 502 ff . (also dissertation University of Bonn, 2007).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Ansgar Sebastian Klein: Rise and rule of National Socialism in the Siebengebirge .
  2. ^ Elfi splendor : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part I: Cologne District . (= Contributions to architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland , vol. 34.1), Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7616-1322-9 , p. 528.
  3. ↑ a b c From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area - Königswinter-Oberdollendorf
  4. ^ A b Adolf Nekum : Honnefs Kinder Israels: Traces and testimonies of Jewish life in and around Bad Honnef. A family, societal, social and religious history documentation. (= Local history and history association "Herrschaft Löwenburg" Bad Honnef eV : studies on the local history of the city of Bad Honnef am Rhein , issue 7). Bad Honnef 1988.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Manfred van Rey: Life and death of our Jewish fellow citizens in Königswinter: A book of remembrance. Königswinter 1985
  6. ↑ a b Entry on Jewish cemetery Clemens-August-Straße / Rheinallee (Königswinter) in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association
  7. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia , Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (Hrsg.), 1888, S. 116/117 ( Online digitalis.uni-koeln.de )
  8. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  9. ↑ Dieter Spiegelhauer: Report on the preservation of monuments in the Rhein-Sieg district: Monuments and testimonies of Jewish history . In: Yearbook of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 1996 , ISSN  0932-0377 , Rheinlandia Verlag Klaus Walterscheid, Siegburg 1995, ISBN 3-925551-94-8 , pp. 17–40 (here: p. 25)
  10. ↑ Angelika Schyma : City of Königswinter. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , monuments in the Rhineland , Volume 23.5.) Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8 , p. 141.