Jewish community of Honnef

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The Jewish community of Honnef (today Bad Honnef), a town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia , was established in 1887 and was wiped out by National Socialist persecution .

history

Synagogue Honnef

In belonging to Honnef former Honschaft Rhöndorf are Jews first time for the year 1594 in a bergischen detectable control list; they were probably expelled to Rheinbreitbach a short time later due to three settlement bans between 1595 and 1597 and lived there with their fellow believers on rent. Accordingly, a synagogue community of Honnef and Rheinbreitbach has existed since the end of the 16th century. She had a common prayer room in Rheinbreitbach, which was at least last located in a back building of the house at Hauptstrasse 20. A Jewish cemetery in the Honschaft Selhof was occupied from 1666. In 1683 there were three Jewish families living in Honnef, who were divided between the honors of Mülheim and Bondorf . According to surveys from 1744, 1749, 1770, 1774 and 1806, the number of Jewish families in Honnef fluctuated between two and four. In 1853 the synagogue community between Honnef and Rheinbreitbach was dissolved due to the reorganization of the Jewish system within the district and government district boundaries and Honnef was incorporated into the special synagogue community of Königswinter , and from 1863/64 onwards to the synagogue community of the Siegkreis . At the time of the Franco-German War (1871), the Jewish community in Honnef comprised 31 people. In the Census 1885, the city recorded already 58 residents with Jewish religious confession . In 1887, as a result of the significant increase in the Jewish population in Honnef and a decrease in the same in Königswinter, an independent Jewish special synagogue community in Honnef was founded. She organized and financed religious education for the Jewish children, at least from 1922, together with the synagogue community of Oberdollendorf ; it was held in Honnef.

Jewish population in Honnef
year number
1817 13
1834 18th
1846 26th
1861 29
1871 31
1885 58
1928 56

synagogue

The Jewish community initially had a prayer room on Rommersdorfer Strasse. As the congregation grew, it became necessary to set up an own house of worship. They chose the former Protestant chapel at the Linz street from the years 1870-71, the 1900 to 8000 Mark passed into the possession of the Jewish community and after a design and in execution by the architect Honnefer Ottomar stone to the synagogue was rebuilt.

National Socialist Persecution

At the beginning of the Nazi era in 1933, 60 Jews lived in Honnef; There was a furniture factory, a glass wholesaler, a butcher's shop with two sales outlets, and three cattle shops in the city that were run by Jewish residents. Immediately after the seizure of power in March 1933, the local Ehape branch was subjected to repeated reprisals . The butcher's shop was closed in April 1935 for allegedly uncleanliness and the owner family was taken into protective custody a month later for ongoing attacks against them .

In the course of the November pogroms in 1938 , the synagogue was destroyed on the afternoon of November 10th. At the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, 15 Jews were still living in the city. They were amalgamated in the so-called “ Jewish houses ” Bergstrasse 5 and Rommersdorfer Strasse 22 until May 1941 , and at least six people were relocated to the Much labor camp in June 1941 . The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 24 Jewish citizens born in Honnef who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime . In 1968, the city of Bad Honnef erected a memorial stele on the Jewish cemetery in the Selhof district, which still exists today , and in 1979 a memorial plaque on Kirchstrasse to commemorate the destroyed synagogue. Since October 28, 2005, the first stumbling blocks by the artist Gunter Demnig in Bad Honnef at the corner of Linzer Strasse and Am Saynschen Hof have been reminding of the fate of the Levy family, who were deported to the east in 1942 and whose house was demolished in the course of the breakthrough in the street Am Saynschen Hof has been.

  • Stumbling blocks for the Levy family on Linzer Straße

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Ansgar Sebastian Klein : Rise and rule of National Socialism in the Siebengebirge . 1st edition, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89861-915-8 . (also dissertation University of Bonn, 2007)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Adolf Nekum: Honnefs Kinder Israels: Traces and testimonies of Jewish life in and around Bad Honnef. A family, societal, social and religious history documentation.
  3. ^ Elfi splendor : Jewish cultural heritage in North Rhine-Westphalia. Part I: Cologne District. (= Contributions to the architectural and art monuments in the Rhineland. Vol. 34.1), Cologne 1997, ISBN 3-7616-1322-9 , p. 511.
  4. ↑ a b Ursula Reuter: Jewish communities from the early 19th to the beginning of the 21st century.
  5. ↑ a b Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia (PDF; 1.5 MB), Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (ed.), 1888, pages 114/115
  6. ↑ Manfred van Rey : Life and death of our Jewish fellow citizens in Königswinter: A book of remembrance (= City of Königswinter, Der Stadtdirektor: Königswinter in Geschichte und Gegenwart , Issue 1, 1985). P. 89.
  7. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved December 13, 2012.
  8. ^ Four stumbling blocks relocated , Kölnische Rundschau / Bonner Rundschau, October 29, 2005
  9. ^ Karl Günter Werber : Time leaps: Bad Honnef . Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2009, ISBN 978-3-86680-560-6 , p. 48 .