Jewish community of Langenlonsheim

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The Jewish community in Langenlonsheim ( Bad Kreuznach district , Rhineland-Palatinate ) was an important Jewish community alongside the Protestant and Catholic parish of Langenlonsheim.

description

As early as 1685 Jews were found in Langenlonsheim. In 1769 28 Jews lived in Langenlonsheim. In 1842 there were 42 residents of Jewish faith. In 1895 over 70 Jewish citizens lived in Langenlonsheim. The Jewish religious community of Langenlonsheim was merged with that of Bretzenheim and Laubenheim to form a religious community in 1895. The synagogue of the three parishes was located in the synagogue at Hintergasse 30 in Langenlonsheim. Trial files of the Bad Kreuznach public prosecutor's office show that in May 1933 the villa of the wine merchant Carl Mayer was searched and Erika Mayer, the daughter, was deported to the prison in Bad Kreuznach for “communist activities” . In September 1933, SA men broke into Ludwig Mayer's villa and beat him up. In 1935 Ludwig Mayer was attacked again by the Hitler Youth and injured with a brass knuckles. By March 1938, Carl Mayer, Ludwig Mayer and Carl Nachmann had to give up their trading operations. The remaining five Jewish shops were no longer allowed to operate after the November pogrom. On July 19, 1938, the Langenlonsheim synagogue community met for the last time to elect a new board.

On 9/10 November 1938, in addition to the synagogue in Hintergasse, the apartments of the Jewish Langenlonsheim families Fritz Natt, Carl Mayer, Carl Nachmann and Moritz Weiß were also destroyed. Langenlonsheim residents were mainly responsible for this. The thugs from Bad Kreuznach, who were added on November 10, 1938, were expelled from Langenlonsheim by the mayor Ernst Ludwig Pies .

The roll commands also broke into the houses of Carl Mayer, Carl Nachmann and Moritz Weiß and destroyed the facility. The badly abused Carl Mayer was deported to Dachau. The 76-year-old Carl Nachmann defended himself against the taxi command and was seriously injured in the process. Moritz Weiß and his son Hans were arrested on November 15 and deported to the prison in Bad Kreuznach.

Fate of the Langenlonsheim Jewish families

Fritz Natt family (Hollergasse 28 / corner Weidenstrasse)

Fritz Natt had a wine shop in the house at Hollergasse 28 / corner of Weidenstrasse in Langenlonsheim, which he lived in with his wife Else, son Hans and his brother Herbert. He was born as the son of long-time council member Emil Natt and ran one of the largest wine shops in the region together with his brother Herbert. Fritz delivered wine in particular to the Rhine-Main area and also worked as a wine expert at the court authorities in Koblenz.

On the night of the pogrom in 1938, a Langenlonsheim rolling command broke into the wine merchant's villa. They had previously smashed the windows of the office and were able to penetrate the building. They smashed furniture and dishes all over the house. Members of the Natt family were mistreated, Ms. Else Natt was "pulled out of bed by the hair and pushed down the stairs" . This form of abuse prompted the medical council Dr. Christ, who treated the Natt family medically to the statement: "I am ashamed for the first time to be a German" . Fritz and Herbert Natt were first deported to the prison in Bad Kreuznach and later to the Dachau concentration camp. After Fritz and Herbert were released from the Dachau concentration camp, the family emigrated to Bolivia on June 17, 1939, where they lived in La Paz and then in Cochabamba. After his parents died, Hans Natt first moved to Israel and then returned to Germany.

Carl Mayer family (Bingerstraße 2)

Carl Mayer ran the wine shop, Bingerstraße 2 in Langenlonsheim. He lived in the house at Bingerstrasse 2 with his wife Jenny and his son Kurt and Erica. Carl also ran a wine shop in the house. The son Kurt did a banking apprenticeship and emigrated to the USA in 1929. The daughter Erica attended the Lyceum in Bad Kreuznach, and then worked in her father's company. She emigrated to Stockholm in 1937, where she is married to an uncle of the former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger . In the November pogrom of 1938, rolling squads broke into Carl Meyer's house and smashed the furnishings and furniture. Carl was "badly mistreated" and then deported to the Dachau concentration camp. After Carl was released, Carl and Jenny Mayer emigrated to the USA.

Rudolf Mayer family (Bingerstraße 11)

Rudolf ( "Rudel" ) Mayer had a shop with men's and women's clothing, bedding and manufactured goods in Bingerstraße 11 Langenlonsheim. Rudolf had returned home from World War I disabled and was chairman of the Langenlonsheim soccer club “Borussia” at the end of the 1920s. He lived with his wife Ida and their two sons Erich (* 1921) and Richard (* 1922) and his unmarried sister Emilie in the house on Binger Strasse in Langenlonsheim, where he ran his textile shop for fabric and manufactured goods.

On behalf of the Jewish community of Langenlonsheim, Rudolf Mayer sold the demolished sacred building of the Langenlonsheim synagogue on April 24, 1940 for the sum of 427.50 RM.

On April 10, 1942, the entire Rudolf Mayer family was deported from Bad Kreuznach to other concentration camps via the “Concordia” assembly camp, where they all died.

Carl Nachmann family (Hauptstrasse 35)

Carl Nachmann ran a wine and grain trade and lived in the house at Hauptstrasse 35 in Langenlonsheim with his wife Ida, his children Johanna, Sally and Jakob and his unmarried sister Mina. Daughter Johanna married and moved to Nieder-Saulheim to live with her husband, from where they emigrated to the USA. Sally and Jakob managed to emigrate to the USA before 1938. In the November pogrom, the Langenlonsheim taxi commandos broke into the Nachmann house, 76-year-old Carl Nachmann defended himself against the taxi command and was seriously injured in the process. His wife died in 1938. Carl Nachmann then emigrated to the USA to live with his children. Mina Nachmann died in 1942 in an Israelite retirement home in Mainz.

Moritz Weiß family (Hauptstrasse 24)

Moritz ( "Mohne" ) Weiss ran a butcher's shop as well as cattle and wine trade in his house at Hauptstrasse 24 in Langenlonsheim. He was married to Frieda and had a daughter Ilse and a son Hans, and his sister Lina also lived in the house. The daughter Ilse married her husband Berthold in Rheinböllen before 1937, from where they could both emigrate to the USA.

In the November pogrom of 1938 on the night of November 9th to 10th, rolling commandos broke into Moritz Weiß 'house and smashed the furnishings and furniture. Moritz Weiß and his son Hans were imprisoned on November 15, 1938 and deported to the prison in Bad Kreuznach. Moritz was released a few days later, while his son Hans was deported to the Dachau concentration camp. It was not until January 18, 1939 that he was released with “the council” to emigrate immediately. At 3 to 5 p.m. on November 10, 10 to 15 men broke into the house and smashed all the furniture.

Hans Weiß emigrated to the USA via Sarreguemines (France).

When the house was sold, Moritz, Frieda and Lina Weiß were insured their right of residence until they left. They were allowed to live in two back rooms on the top floor and were provided with food by their friend, Mrs. Tullius; Groceries were no longer sold to them ( “only around the back” ). Frieda died in Langenlonsheim in 1941, Moritz and Lina moved to the birthplace of his deceased wife, to the house of Herbert, a relative on his mother's side in Heldenbergen . From there they were deported to a concentration camp, where they died.

Ludwig Mayer family (Hauptstrasse 52)

Ludwig Mayer was a wine and cattle dealer and lived with his wife Johanna and his children Paul and Lieselotte in his house at Hauptstrasse 52 in Langenlonsheim. His son Paul moved to Bingen in 1929, from where he was able to emigrate to England. Ludwig Mayer moved to Frankfurt am Main with his wife and daughter in 1939. From there they were all deported to concentration camps, where they all perished.

Family August Weiss (Schulstrasse 12)

August Weiss ran a cattle shop at Schulstrasse 12 in Langenlonsheim, where he lived with his wife Isabella and his three sons Sally, Kurt and Max. Sally Weiß died in the concentration camp of "weak heart" (court determined death date: December 31, 1939) The other two sons Kurt and Max were imprisoned on November 10, 1937 and deported to the Dachau concentration camp, where they remained imprisoned until March 1, 1939 . Kurt Weiß married in Kirn in 1941 . Kurt and Max Weiss were later deported back to concentration camps, where they both perished.

The couple, August and Isabella Weiß, were the last of the Langenlonsheim Jewish community to be deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on July 25, 1942, where they both died.

Siegmund Heymann family (Hauptstrasse 39)

Siegmund Heymann ran a regional product store at Hauptstrasse 39 in Langenlonsheim. He lived in the house with his wife Mathilde, son Walter, stepmother Karoline Heymann and his wife's siblings: the siblings Selma Weil (1896) and Wilhelm Weil (1882). The son Walter Heymann emigrated to Sao Paulo in Brazil in 1935. However, he managed to take 100 British pounds with him, with which he was able to set up a company for work clothing in Sao Paulo. Siegmund Heymann was taken into “protective custody” the day before the November pogrom . On December 31, 1939, he was able to emigrate to Sao Paulo with his wife Mathilde and stepmother Karoline Heymann. The siblings Wilhelm and Selma Weil probably died in the concentration camp.

Gustav Kahn family (Hollergasse 20)

Gustav Kahn (1885) was a plumber. He lived with his wife Henriette Johanna geb. Weiss (1889), his son Siegfried (* 1925), his sister-in-law Klara Weiß and their daughter Jenny in the house at Hollergasse 20 in Langenlonsheim. The Kahn family moved to Frankfurt am Main in 1937, where Henriette Kahn presumably died before 1942. Gustav Kahn was deported to the Majdanek concentration camp, where he died. Gustav's sister-in-law Klara Weiß committed suicide on September 30, 1938 in Frankfurt am Main. The daughter Jenny Weiss was the only one to survive in Germany.

Family widow Sara Blank (Hauptstrasse)

Blank was a religion teacher and lived on Kreuznacher Strasse in Langenlonsheim. The widow Sara Blank lived with daughter Anny Blank (1895) on Hauptstrasse, between the Lorenz house and the old pharmacy. Anny worked in the mayor's administration. Sara and Anny emigrated to Belgium in 1934, from where Anny was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, where she died.

literature

  • Friedrich Schmitt u. a .: Ortsgeschichte Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (edited by the local community Langenlonsheim), pp. 357–366.
  • Karl-Wilhelm Höffler: From the history of the Jewish community in Langenlonsheim . In: Sachor . tape 1 . Mainz 1991, p. 4-35 .
  • Jewish graves in the Bad Kreuznach district. History and design part I. A documentation of the district administration and the Pedagogical Center Rhineland-Palatinate . Bad Kreuznach 1995, p. 261-282, 553 .
  • The Jewish synagogues in the Bad Kreuznach district . Bad Kreuznach 1988, p. 28 (published by the Bad Kreuznach district administration).
  • Sylvia Zacharias: Synagogengemeinden 1933. A guide to their traces in the Federal Republic of Germany Part I . , . No. 461 . Berlin 1988 (publisher is the Association for the Care of Jewish Cultural Heritage in Germany).
  • Werner Knopp: Statistical materials on the history of the Jewish population . tape 5 of the publications of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Archives Administration, vol. 18. Koblenz 1995.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 361
  2. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 361
  3. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 362.
  4. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 363.
  5. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 363.
  6. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 366.
  7. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 365
  8. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 365
  9. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 365
  10. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (edited by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 360
  11. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 365.
  12. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 366
  13. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 363
  14. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 406.
  15. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 366 and 406.
  16. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 406.
  17. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 366 and 406.
  18. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 365.
  19. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 366.
  20. ↑ Langenlonsheim registry office
  21. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 364.
  22. ↑ Friedrich Schmitt et al. a .: Local history Langenlonsheim , Wiesbaden 1991 (published by the local community Langenlonsheim), p. 364.