Jewish community of Rhens
A Jewish community in Rhens , a town in the Mayen-Koblenz district ( Rhineland-Palatinate ), existed as early as the 15th century.
history
In 1441, a Jewish resident is mentioned for the first time who lived from lending money. In 1454/55 Hermann and Philipp Boyssen von Waldeck were called to account by the Archbishop of Cologne , Dietrich II von Moers , because they had robbed a Jew from Rhens. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Jewish residents of the city of Rhens were mentioned again and again.
The Jewish community of Rhens had a synagogue , a Jewish religious school, a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and a cemetery . In the 19th century a teacher was employed at times who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet .
Around 1924 there were 44 Jewish residents. The families or persons involved were: Dr. med. Arthur Frank (since 1922 practice at Koblenzer Straße 14), Hugo Günther (butcher, Hochstraße 27), Leopold Mängen (upholsterer, Langstraße 37), Clementine Mandel (milliner, Josephstraße 11), Susanne Mandel (cleaning shop, Josephstraße 11), Alfred Mayer (butcher's shop, Hochstraße 28), Benno Mayer (butcher's shop, Neustraße 34), Bernhard Mayer (plumber, Hochstraße 25), Gertrud Mayer (widow, Hochstraße 28), Bernhard Mortge (grocer's shop, Koblenzer Straße 1), Hermann Mortge (merchant, Langstraße 7), Leopold Mortge (private owner, Koblenzer Straße 1), Regina Mortge (priv., Langstraße 7), Adolf Wagner (cattle dealer, Mainzer Straße 22), Karoline Wagner (Mainzer Straße 22) . (from: Alemannia Judaica)
First World War
During the First World War , Karl Sally Mortge (born May 4, 1897 in Rhens, born September 1, 1917) and Julius Mortge (born May 6, 1890 in Rhens, lived in Saarbrücken before 1914, fell from the Jewish community of Rhens). January 14, 1918). They were the sons of Hermann Mortge and Karoline nee Kahn. Since they were not listed on the war memorial in 1929 , Hermann Mortge resigned from the war club . It was not until after 1945 that the names of the two Jewish fallen soldiers were entered on the war memorial.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1808 | 38 people |
| 1847 | 74 people |
| 1856 | 64 people |
| 1895 | 44 people |
| 1905 | 35 people |
| 1926 | 40 people |
time of the nationalsocialism
During the time of National Socialism , all Jewish residents moved away or emigrated as a result of the persecution measures. The last left Rhens in 1939 after the synagogue and several Jewish apartments had been destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938 .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 11 Jewish citizens born in Rhens who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
Commemoration
In 1994 a memorial stone was erected at the war memorial in memory of the Jewish community. It lists the names of the Jewish families who lived in Rhens in 1933. The inscription on the memorial stone reads: Those who do not see the past lose sight of the future. In memory of the Jewish community. To honor the dead, to admonish the living. In memory: Frank Günther Mandel Mengert Mayer Mortge Wagner.
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).
- Stefan Fischbach, Ingrid Westerhoff: "... and this is the gate of heaven". Synagogues in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Published by the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate , State Conservatory Office of the Saarland, Synagogue Memorial Jerusalem. Verlag Philipp von Zabern , Mainz 2005, ISBN 3-8053-3313-7 , ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany 2), p. 322.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved May 3, 2010.
