Jewish community of Wiesenbronn
The Jewish community of Wiesenbronn was an Israelite religious community in what is now the community of Wiesenbronn in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . The community existed from the 18th to the 20th century. The former synagogue has been preserved in the village to this day.
history
For the first time, Jews are recorded in Wiesenbronn in the 16th century. In 1548 a few people of Jewish faith lived in the village. Although they could occasionally be found as owners of various goods, they did not settle here permanently. Only after the Thirty Years' War did the influx of Jews increase. They moved into the empty and dilapidated houses in the town. All Jews had to pay so-called protection money .
At the beginning of the 18th century, the community continued to grow. In 1714 there are already eight Jewish families in the village. In 1782 the Jew Simon Levi zu Wiesenbronn received a letter of protection from the Counts of Castell . He had to pay 6 guilders protection money. In 1805, eight families paid this regular amount. One only had to pay 3 guilders and 45 kreuzers , three families only had to pay 3 guilders, two 1 guilder and 15 kreuzers. Two families were released.
With the establishment of the so-called matriculation places at the beginning of the 19th century, the Bavarian government decided in 1817 that from now on a maximum of 26 Jewish families should live in the village. A first list of the Jews also mentions their professions: many of them worked as cattle dealers, others worked as cuddlers . There was also a butcher of the Jewish faith who slaughtered ritually. Fälklein Nathan Wertheimer is named as a teacher.
As early as 1792/1793 the Wiesenbronn community rebuilt its synagogue . The rapid growth of the Jewish population made expansion necessary. The dead from Wiesenbronn were buried in the Rödelsee cemetery. The religious duties of the community were handled by a teacher who was also employed as a prayer leader and shochet . In 1807, the later "Würzburger Rav", Seligmann Bär Bamberger , was born in Wiesenbronn .
With the granting of freedom of movement , the Jewish population in the village steadily decreased after 1871. By 1907 the parish had decreased by two thirds. In the 1920s, regular services could not be held and the communities of Kleinlangheim , Großlangheim and Wiesenbronn were merged. In 1924 only three children were educated in the Jewish school.
After the seizure of power of the Nazis , the exodus of the Jewish community continued to grow. By 1937 nine parishioners had moved from Wiesenbronn. In October 1938 the Association of Bavarian Israelite Congregations announced the dissolution of the congregation in Wiesenbronn. Nevertheless, in the course of the November pogroms in 1938 , the remaining Jews were mistreated. The last head of the community, Sali Heippert, was arrested and died on December 13, 1938 in the Dachau concentration camp.
After the beginning of the war , the situation of the Jews worsened. Six Jews from Wiesenbronn left the place by 1940, and one managed to escape to Palestine . The three remaining Jewish women were deported. One was taken to Kitzingen on March 20, 1942, from where it reached the Theresienstadt ghetto in September . The other two were transported to Auschwitz between March and June 1943 , where they were murdered.
Community development
The religious community was assigned to the Bavarian district rabbinate Kitzingen from 1839 .
| year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members | year | Members |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1817 | 123 | 1836 | 138 | 1851 | 138 | 1890 | 82 | 1907 | 44 | 1925 | 27 | 1939 | 9 | 1941 | 3 |
literature
- Reinhard Hüßner: On the building history of the Wiesenbronn synagogue . In: Yearbook for the district of Kitzingen 2009. In the spell of the Schwanberg . Dettelbach 2009. pp. 239-254.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 239.
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Wiesenbronn , accessed on December 10, 2016.
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Wiesenbronn , accessed on December 10, 2016.
- ^ Alemannia Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Wiesenbronn , accessed on December 10, 2016.
- ↑ Hüßner, Reinhard: the building history of the Oktoberfest Bronner synagogue . P. 242.