Jewish community of Dettelbach

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The Jewish community of Dettelbach was an Israelite religious community in today's city of Dettelbach in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen . The community had existed since the 15th century; the last Jewish residents were deported in 1942 . A cemetery existed on the outskirts until the 19th century .

history

The Jewish community of Dettelbach is one of the oldest in the Würzburg monastery . Jews have been recorded in Dettelbach since the 15th century. In 1423 there was a dispute between the Würzburg prince-bishop Johann II von Brunn and the Erkinger von Seinsheim . Several writings appeared about the dispute, in one of which Jews in the village were mentioned. Shortly after Dettelbach was raised to town in 1489, Jews again appeared in the village.

Jews are mentioned in Dettelbach again in the 17th century. A Jewish protection money has been handed down from 1647. In 1675 a total of nine Jewish families are named in Dettelbach, most of whom lived from the wine trade. After a fire on August 8, 1781, three Jewish homeowners were among the victims; a collection for those affected was also paid to the Jews.

The memorial plaque at Häfnermarkt 4 indicates the location of the former synagogue

According to the Jewish edict of 1813 , the local Jews had to be registered in the registers, Dettelbach was now awarded 24 Jewish families. The wine trade still predominated among the families, Jacob Wolf Wassermann was employed as a lead singer . On September 18, 1862, the Würzburg district rabbi Seligmann Bär Bamberger inaugurated the community's new synagogue. A school with two rooms and the cantor's apartment were also housed here. In 1901 the synagogue was renovated for the first time. The former Jewish cemetery had already been abandoned.

During the First World War , corporal Wilhelm Friedenthal and Max Wiesengrund fell from the community; two other soldiers came from Dettelbach, but were already living in Würzburg when they were called up . During the Weimar Republic , Hermann Weichselbaum and Hirsch Sittenheim were also members of the Dettelbach city council. In the 1920s, Dettelbach was also a point of contact for Jewish Orthodox youth groups who held their camps here.

After the seizure of power by the Nazis took place in the summer of 1935 to an attack on a Jewish family. During the November pogroms in 1938, however, the population of Dettelbach desecrated the synagogue , and the mayor Albert justified is said to have personally lit the curtain of the Torah shrine. The building was then converted into a boys' school.

By the beginning of the war, 18 people of Jewish faith had already left the city. At the beginning of 1942 there were still 24 Jews living in Dettelbach. Twelve people were deported on April 24 via Würzburg to the Izbica ghetto near Lublin . The predominantly older people came to the Theresienstadt ghetto in September of the same year , where, among other things, the last teacher, Abraham Mannheimer, died. In 1962 the former synagogue was demolished, and in 1989 a notice board was placed on the successor building.

Community development

From 1913, the community was assigned to the Bavarian district rabbinate of Würzburg .

year Members year Members year Members year Members year Members year Members year Members
1813 109 1830 121 1875 97 1900 101 1910 81 1933 39 1942 24

literature

  • Hermann Kleinhenz: On the history of Judaism in Dettelbach . In: City of Dettelbach (ed.): Dettelbach 1484–1984. Festschrift and small characteristics of a 500 year old city . Dettelbach 1984. pp. 90-97.
  • Werner Steinhauser: Jews in and around Prichsenstadt . Prichsenstadt 2002.

Web links

Commons : Jüdische Gemeinde Dettelbach  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alemannica Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Dettelbach , accessed on December 23, 2016.
  2. ^ Alemannica Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Dettelbach , accessed on December 23, 2016.
  3. ↑ Kleinhenz, Hermann: On the history of Judaism in Dettelbach . P. 90.
  4. ^ Alemannica Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Dettelbach , accessed on December 23, 2016.
  5. ↑ Steinhauser, Werner: Jews in and around Prichsenstadt . P. 12.
  6. ^ Alemannica Judaica: Jüdische Geschichte in Dettelbach , accessed on December 23, 2016.