Jewish cemetery (Buchenau)

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Gravestones in the Jewish cemetery in Buchenau

The Buchenau Jewish Cemetery is an old burial place for Jews in the Buchenau district of Boppard in the Rhein-Hunsrück district in Rhineland-Palatinate . The Jewish cemetery is a protected cultural monument .

history

In Boppard and Bacharach there were Jewish communities by the 12th century at the latest . In 1866 the former Boppard synagogue was built in Bingergasse. It replaced the room in Rheingasse, which had previously served as a synagogue.

The beginnings of the Jewish cemetery go back to the time of the Thirty Years War . In 1942 the cemetery was by the Nazis expropriated . The refund was made in 1946/49. The last burial was made in 1961. But most of the dead had been buried in the Jewish cemetery in Holzfeld since the middle of the 19th century . In 1964 redesign measures were carried out at the Buchenau cemetery and in 1977 overturned tombstones were restored.

description

The cemetery, which is located in a side valley south of the Buchenau district and has an area of ​​4,241 m², is the oldest and largest of the few Jewish cemeteries preserved on the Middle Rhine . The cemetery is surrounded by a wall with a wrought iron gate from around 1865. The oldest of the 150 or so tombstones are in the rear section, from where the occupancy was continued to the east. Accordingly, the graves of the 19th and 20th centuries are mainly in the front area. The gravestones are uniformly aligned in falling lines with the inscriptions facing east. Only in the 19th century was the strict row arrangement partially interrupted.

About 130 of the 150 tombstones are recent. They date from the late 19th century and the first third of the 20th century. The youngest grave dates from 1961. In addition to the Hebrew inscription on the front, these younger stones also have a German-language inscription in Latin on the reverse. About 20 tombstones are older. They are all shaped like a tablet of laws. Mostly they have a round-arched, occasionally segment-arched finish. This type also predominates among the younger tombstones. From the last third of the 19th century some grave enclosures with wrought iron bars have been preserved. Deviating gravestone shapes have only recently emerged, for example some gravestones from the 20th century have steles with corner acroters . The gravestones are mainly made of basalt lava . Among the younger ones there are also some made of sandstone and among the gravestones from the 20th century there are also some made of marble .

Monument protection

The Jewish cemetery in Buchenau has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley since 2002 . In addition, the cemetery is protected as a registered cultural monument ( monument zone ) within the meaning of the Monument Protection and Maintenance Act (DSchG) of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof Buchenau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e State Office for the Preservation of Monuments (ed.): The art monuments of Rhineland-Palatinate . tape 8 : The art monuments of the Rhein-Hunsrück district. Part 2: Former county St. Goar, the first town of Boppard I . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-422-00567-6 , p. 692-697 .
  2. ^ Jewish cemeteries in Rhineland-Palatinate. Retrieved March 4, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b Buchenau (city of Boppard, Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis) Jewish cemetery near alemannia-judaica
  4. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Rhein-Hunsrück district. Mainz 2019, p. 16 (PDF; 1.7 MB).
  5. ↑ District administration Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis: Statutory ordinances on the protection of monument zones in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (PDF; 49 kB); Retrieved October 18, 2011.

Coordinates: 50 ° 13 ′ 12.8 "  N , 7 ° 35 ′ 55.4"  E