Jewish cemetery (Budweis)
Coordinates: 48 ° 58 '57 .8 " N , 14 ° 29" 37.8 " E
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The Budweis Jewish Cemetery is a Jewish cemetery in the Czech city of Budweis (Czech České Budějovice ). Today the cemetery is about one and a half kilometers from the city center. The area of the cemetery is 6489 m²; the entire area is listed.
history
After King John of Luxembourg in 1341, the settlement of Jewish families in Bohemia had allowed Budweis who grew up Jewish community until the end of the 15th century to about 100 members. A synagogue was built in the city around 1380 . The burial of the parishioners was initially served in a cemetery, which was located at the intersection of today's Kněžská ulice and Hradební ulice , and a little later another on the left bank of the Malše tributary of the Vltava .
Anti-Jewish riots began in the 1480s, especially in 1494/95 and 1502. The pogroms of 1505/06 destroyed the medieval community. Some members were executed and the rest of the community were evicted or fled the city. The massacre on 29./30. December 1505 is counted among the worst in Bohemia. The cemeteries lost their function and were destroyed or overbuilt.
It was not until the 19th century that Jewish families resettled. The Jewish community was founded in 1859, in 1898 it comprised 1972 people or 6 percent of the then population of Budweis. As a result of this immigration, the new, now third, Jewish cemetery (with a ceremonial hall) was built in the city, where funerals have taken place since 1867. In 1942, when most of the community members had been deported to Theresienstadt and other concentration camps, the cemetery was devastated and the synagogue was blown up.
Some damage was repaired after 1945, a memorial for the victims of National Socialism was erected in the cemetery in 1950, but further damage occurred in the following years: gravestones were removed, and some rubble was dumped in the cemetery. In 1970 the ceremonial hall was also torn down.
The cemetery was only repaired after the 1989 revolution . Of the original 1334 tombstones, however, only about 350 were found, which were put back in their original locations. Today the cemetery is administered by the Jewish Community in Prague .
Personalities
Some famous people are buried in the cemetery, for example:
- Rudolf Kende, 1910–1958, composer
- Karel Thieberger, 1869–1938, rabbi
- Adam Wunder, 1817–1905, rabbi
literature
- Dějiny židů v Českých Budějovicích (History of the Jews in Bohemian Budweis), online at: roman.tf.sweb.cz (Czech, accessed on August 5, 2010)
- Portal zidovskehrbitovy.cz (Jewish cemeteries), České Budějovice (Czech, accessed on August 5, 2010)
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ) (not evaluated).
Individual evidence
- ↑ České Budějovice - Historie města (Bohemian Budweis - History of the City), online at: www.budweb.cz ( Memento from April 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), in Czech, accessed on August 5, 2010
