Jewish cemetery (Deidesheim)
| Jewish Cemetery | ||
|---|---|---|
 Gravestones with Hebrew inscriptions in the Deidesheim Jewish cemetery |
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| Data | ||
| place | Deidesheim | |
| Construction year | 1712 or earlier | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 24 '31.7 " N , 8 ° 10' 58.8" E | |
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The Jewish cemetery in Deidesheim ( Bad Dürkheim district , Rhineland-Palatinate ) was the burial place of the local Jewish community . According to the monument protection law of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, it is designated as a monument zone worthy of protection.
history
At least since the time around 1700, the Jewish community in Deidesheim had its own cemetery, which was laid out next to the Christian burial site . The oldest tombstone, the inscription of which can still be recognized, dates from 1712; The cemetery was first mentioned in 1718.
One day after the Reichskristallnacht , on the evening of November 10, 1938, the Jewish cemetery was devastated by members of the SA . Gravestones were knocked over and trees and bushes were cut down. The five Jews still living in Deidesheim at the time were requested by the Deidesheim mayor's office to clean up the mess. However, they referred the mayor's office to the Israelite regional association in Landau , since the community expired with the sale of the Deidesheim synagogue in 1936 and the regional association has been the owner of the cemetery since then. The grossest disorder was finally cleared up by urban workers in December 1938.
In 1941 and 1942, after receiving no answer the first time, the Mayor of Deidesheim submitted an application to the Neustadt District Office for free use of the Jewish cemetery. The district office then asked the Karlsruhe district office of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany to come to an agreement with Deidesheim on this matter. Although Deidesheim assured the head of the district office, Charles Eisemann to restore the cemetery and guaranteed, the rest period to preserve the graves. Eisemann replied, however, that the Reich Association could only sell the cemetery at a reasonable price. After the Reichsvereinigung had visited the cemetery, 100 RM were proposed for sale, which the mayor of Deidesheim agreed to. On June 2, 1943, the sale was sealed by a notary. The selling price was 500 RM, of which 400 RM were estimated for clean-up work, and 100 RM went to the Reich Association of Jews in Germany. Plans by the Deidesheim city council to build a grove of honor for the fallen in the southwest corner of the cemetery were not realized until the end of the war.
On February 8, 1946, on the instructions of the French military administration, all former members of the NSDAP, especially former SA members, had to restore the Jewish cemetery to a dignified condition. The work took seven days, but not all of the tombs could be restored. In June 1951, the community of the Rhine Palatinate tried to persuade the city of Deidesheim to voluntarily return the cemetery, but Deidesheim refused; this is only possible if the costs incurred have been paid. A second inquiry from the religious community in this matter in September 1953 was unsuccessful. The city of Deidesheim still owns the Jewish cemetery today. After 1945 no one was buried in the Jewish cemetery. Since then, the city of Deidesheim has been responsible for looking after and maintaining the Jewish cemetery. On December 7, 1988, the Jewish cemetery was placed under a preservation order.
investment
95 tombstones have been preserved in the Jewish cemetery on the plane tree path . Their fronts face east. It is in the older grave stones - those that were set up by the middle of the 19th century - mostly sandstone stele whose top ends are rounded. They are all inscribed in Hebrew. From 1860/70 the shape of the gravestones was adapted more to that of the Christian cemetery, but the basic shape remained the same. Some of the tombstones from this period also have German inscriptions. The cemetery is partially enclosed with a living fence, which was first mentioned in the 18th century and renewed in 1984. The entrance portal dates from 1888, the oldest tombstone from 1712 and the youngest tombstone from 1933.
literature
- Berthold Schnabel : Memories of the Jewish community of Deidesheim . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 7 , 1991, pp. 13-19 .
Web links
- Jewish cemetery in Deidesheim near Alemannia Judaica
- Jewish life on deidesheim.de
- Deidesheim Jewish Cemetery on YouTube
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 22 (PDF; 5.1 MB; see: Platanenweg Jewish cemetery (monument zone) ).
- ↑ B. Schnabel: Memories…. 1991, p. 13.
- ↑ B. Schnabel: Memories…. 1991, p. 15.
- ↑ B. Schnabel: Memories…. 1991, pp. 15-17.
- ↑ B. Schnabel: Memories…. 1991, p. 17 f.
- ↑ Berthold Schnabel: Deidesheim . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Geiger-Verlag, Horb 2015, ISBN 978-3-86595-588-3 , pp. 7 .
- ↑ History in the Deidesheim holiday region. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 29, 2017 .
- ↑ B. Schnabel: Memories…. 1991, p. 18 f.
- ^ Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (= cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 188 .
