Jewish cemetery (Boizenburg / Elbe)

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Entrance to the Jewish cemetery

The Boizenburg / Elbe Jewish cemetery is a listed Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg / Elbe in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

description

On a hill on the western edge of the old town of Boizenburg - at the end of the Lauenburger Postweg - is the 680 m² cemetery of the former Jewish community Boizenburg.

history

The cemetery in the "Turner Eichen" was laid out in 1768. At that time, a large number of Jews lived and worked in Boizenburg. The Jewish community of Boizenburg used their cemetery until 1936. In the following year, the NSDAP mayor Joachim-Friedrich Senst , who had been in office since July 1932, prohibited any further use. In addition, the city tried to have the cemetery area built over. However, the Israelite state community defended itself against the reprisals initiated by the city administration. In the course of the dispute, the Boizenburg city ​​architect prepared an expert opinion on May 12, 1938, in which he stated that the strong urban growth would make the development necessary. Another report from June 8, 1938 dealt with the ownership structure, which was interpreted to the disadvantage of the Boizenburg community. Since no agreement was reached, the Israelite state community filed an action with the Mecklenburg State Administrative Court on August 25, 1938. However, the chances of success were slim. So it was no surprise that the lawsuit was dismissed on October 25, 1938. This would inevitably have resulted in the planned development. However, the decline of the Nazi regime prevented the politically motivated project from being implemented.

The burial site was neglected during the Nazi era , but the cemetery was spared willful destruction. In 1948 the city of Boizenburg put the Jewish cemetery in a worthy condition. A leveling plan intended in 1964 was prevented by the state's Jewish community through its energetic intervention.

In the following decades the cemetery overran again. In 1988, the burial site was restored during a voluntary work assignment, in which mostly local youths took part.

Desecrations

View of the Jewish cemetery

The cemetery has become the site of racist and right-wing extremist destruction several times . To prevent further damage, the tombstones were lined up in a concrete surface.

  • 1966 - The tombstones were damaged and the cemetery wall torn down. The cemetery was subsequently restored.
  • 1992 - In mid-April right-wing extremist perpetrators desecrated several graves.
  • 1998 - The cemetery was again the victim of politically motivated vandalism in November .
  • 2002 - The burial site was twice the victim of desecration. During the first attack, the previously intact gravestones were knocked over and damaged. A short time later, parts of the cemetery were defaced with swastikas .
  • 2018
    • The cemetery was desecrated again on the night of September 12th. Previously unknown perpetrators damaged the fence and defaced the entrance area with National Socialist symbols .
    • On November 12th, police officers discovered the renewed desecration of the entrance area.

today

Today there are 40 tombstones in the cemetery , most of them with legible inscriptions. The local cemetery administration is responsible for the preservation and care of the listed grave complex.

The cemetery is open to interested visitors, observing the Israelite beliefs. However, prior registration and key collection at the Boizenburg city administration is necessary.

See also

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. 3 volumes. Gütersloher Verlagshaus , Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08035-2 , ( digitized version ).
  • Klaus Arlt: Evidence of Jewish Culture: Memorials in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and Thuringia. Tourist Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 978-3-350-00780-6 .
  • Leopold Donath : History of the Jews in Mecklenburg: from the oldest times (1266) to the most recent times (1874). Publishing house Oskar Leiner, Leipzig 1874.
  • Helmut Eschwege : History of the Jews in the territory of the former GDR. Volume III. Self-published, Dresden 1990.
  • Jürgen Borchert : What remained ...: Jewish traces in Mecklenburg. Haude & Spener publishing house, Berlin 1994, ISBN 978-3-7759-0391-2 , p. 48 f.

Printed sources

  • Erika Will: Jewish past in Boizenburg. In: Boizenburg, contributions to the history of the city. No. III. (Ed.) Heimatmuseum Boizenburg, Boizenburg 1985, p. 9 f, p. 23 f.

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof (Boizenburg / Elbe)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: The cities of Mecklenburg in the Third Reich: a handbook for urban development under National Socialism. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 765.
  2. ^ HG Vormann: Architectural history studies on the synagogues in Mecklenburg. TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 2010, p. 469.
  3. ^ HG Vormann: Architectural history studies on the synagogues in Mecklenburg. TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig 2010, p. 470.
  4. ↑ LHAS inventory: (10.72-1), Israelitischer Oberrat: No. 144, report of May 12, 1938.
  5. ↑ Gravestones had to give way to a concrete surface. In: Schweriner Volkszeitung: Hagenower Kreisblatt. March 12, 1998.
  6. ↑ Without meaning and piety. In: Lauenburger Zeitung. April 23, 1992.
  7. ^ Swastika on the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg . In: presseportal.de . September 12, 2018.
  8. ↑ Searching for perpetrators is ongoing: Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg desecrated. In: nordkurier.de. 13th September 2018.
  9. ^ Swastika on the Jewish cemetery in Boizenburg . In: presseportal.de . November 12, 2018.

Coordinates: 53 ° 22 ′ 45.1 ″  N , 10 ° 42 ′ 40.4 ″  E