Jewish cemetery (land dignitaries)

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The Jewish cemetery in Landwürden (community Loxstedt in the district of Cuxhaven in Lower Saxony ) is a cemetery founded in 1751 and abandoned in 1951.

history

The cemetery was probably founded at the end of 1751 when Arend Lambert was buried there as the first protective Jew before Christmas 1751. A sketch of the location can be traced back to 1800. The area was assigned by the administrator at the time. This was followed in 1800 by a questionable minor relocation as well as a ditch surrounding the property.

To protect the cemetery from stray cattle, the protective Jew Elias David from Eidewarden approached the Dedesdorf office in 1800 and asked for permission to build a hedge and a ditch around the cemetery. The congregation recalled that "50 years ago a villain had dared to bury the carcass of a dead horse over the body of a buried Jew at this point." Also damage is said to have been caused by human hands. Since the pasture was also used by the “little people” of the peasantry, their needs also had to be taken into account when obtaining the permit. While no Jews were tolerated before 1746, they now “had to put up with this settlement and the creation of the cemetery.” Now the Jews also wanted a fenced in “cemetery” where “no Jew would ever have his own house. “In addition, the route of the inhabitants of Buttel and Neuenlande led through the“ Judenkirchhof ”and it was“ not allowed that Christians would have to make room for the Jewish corpses. ”It was also feared that fencing would cause“ willful damage by young people ”. are to be expected. It was then approved; For the newly designated area, a base rate of 24 Grotes was to be paid annually. The trench excavation could be used to increase the property and the church path.

The cemetery was probably occupied until 1874. This can be seen from the gravestones transferred to the Jewish cemetery in Ovelgönne (here: widow of Elias David, died 1874).

In 1911, the Dedesdorf parish council reported to the Grand Ducal Office of Brake that the cemetery was in a neglected condition. The Oldenburg land rabbi David Mannheimer replied to this reference by remarking that it is not in the “interest of the reputation of the Jews in the community that such positions as the questionable Cemetery should not cause public nuisance by bad reputation ”.

In 1947 the Wesermarsch district office reported about this cemetery that the cemetery was in a very neglected condition and that the proper restoration was already in progress. The municipal office of Landwürden reported in more detail on August 2, 1947:

“The location of the cemetery is: Dedesdorfer Felde, Art. 255. Rosenbaum, Jul. Children. Corridor 13, plot 169/45. Size 0.0322 ha. The cemetery has not been in use for a long time. Corpses have not been interred there for over 40 years. The graves are overgrown with grass. The 3 existing gravestones (Oberkirchen sandstone) have sunk and are crooked. The enclosure of the cemetery consists of a wide moat. The entrance point must have a new gate. The moat is cleaned up u. the gate will be made and erected in the near future. It is also noted that the cemetery was not destroyed during the Nazi rule. The current condition of the cemetery has not changed since it was not used. "

- Alemannia Judaica : Jewish cemetery land dignitaries

In 1950, the Lower Saxony will on the part of administrative district Oldenburg the Wesermarsch informed that the remaining grave stones are to be transferred to the Jewish cemetery in Country Would the existing cemetery in Ovelgönne. In this respect, support is requested from the Wesermarsch district. According to literature, it should be the gravestones of

  • Ansel David Goldberg (July 14, 1763 - February 14, 1835),
  • the widow of Elias David († 1874),
  • Hannchen Elias, b. Koopmann, (March 11, 1818 - February 13, 1864) and
  • Acting Jacob Elias (August 19, 1817 - May 3, 1849).

The relocation of the tombstones took place in 1951.

Today there is no longer any reference to a former Jewish cemetery in land dignities.

localization

In the chronicle of land dignitaries and the parish of Dedesdorf from 1925, the area around the cemetery is described as follows:

“The only house [in Kreuzhelmer] is an old caretaker job. It used to be an inn, popularly known as "Waterloo", at least in the period after the wars of freedom. In front of the house is the now no longer used Jewish cemetery, given to the Dedesdorf Jews by the Duke (which one?). "

Meiners describes the location as follows: South of Dedesdorf (Dedesdorfer Feld), at the 'Kreuzhelmer' (triangle at the fork in the road to Oldendorf and Buttel).

The exact localization can no longer be determined properly today. After checking historical files and current geodata , it can be located at an intersection on Bütteler Straße (Kreisstraße 50) and a dirt road.

literature

  • Werner Meiners : Northwest German Jews between upheaval and persistence. Jewish policy and Jewish life in the Oldenburger Land until 1827. Hahn, Hannover 2001, ISBN 3-7752-6004-8 .
  • Werner Meiners: The Jewish cemetery of Ovelgönne - historical and current conflicts. In: Das Land Oldenburg, No. 104, III. Quarter 1999, pages 8–11.
  • Falk-Reimar singer: The Jewish cemeteries in the administrative district of Lüneburg. In: Reports on the preservation of monuments in Lower Saxony , 18 (1998), No. 4, pages 166–168.
  • Daniel Ramsauer: Chronicle of Landwührden and the parish of Dedesdorf. Bremerhaven [1925].
  • Daniel Ramsauer: From the Jews in Dedesdorf. In: Yearbook for the history of the Duchy of Oldenburg. Volume 11. 1902. Pages 144-151.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Meiners 2001, p. 382.
  2. ↑ a b Meiners 2001, page 391 f.
  3. ↑ Töllner 1983, p. 325.
  4. ↑ a b Jewish cemetery land dignitaries on Alemannia Judaica
  5. ↑ Töllner 1983, pp. 315, 325-326; Meiners 1999.
  6. ↑ Ramsauer 1925, page 130.
  7. ↑ Meiners 2001, p. 382, ​​footnote 199.

Coordinates: 53 ° 26 '2.3 "  N , 8 ° 31' 3.9"  E