Jewish cemetery (Poběžovice)

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Coordinates: 49 ° 30 ′ 58.7 "  N , 12 ° 47 ′ 32.4"  E

Map: Czech Republic
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Jewish cemetery (Poběžovice)​
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Czech Republic
Jewish cemetery in Poběžovice

The Jewish Cemetery Poběžovice is a Jewish cemetery in Poběžovice (German Ronsperg ), a municipality in the Plzeňský kraj region in south-west Bohemia .

description

The Jewish cemetery Poběžovice is located northwest of Poběžovice in the middle of a field between the road to Drahotín and the road to Hostouň . After there was not even a path to the cemetery for a long time, an access road was laid out in 2009 - starting from the road to Drahotín - with parking to the cemetery and the old cemetery gate was rebuilt. The cemetery area is about 43 by 130 meters. It lies at an altitude of 452 meters above sea level. Judging by its height, at least one more layer was added before the first expansion of the cemetery. The oldest part is on the southwest side.

The younger tombstones are made of polished granite, the older ones of roughly hewn stones with careful decoration. The oldest stones are around 35 by 40 centimeters in size and have no or illegible inscriptions. Later the tombstones increased in size. The largest tombstone belongs to the grave of Rabbi Joel Raunschburg-Rosenbaum. It is 140 cm high, 100 cm wide and 17 cm thick.

There are symbolic reliefs on some gravestones including blessing priest hands on the gravestones with the names Katz and Altman and chalices on the gravestones with the names Mejer, Mantler, Mandler, Zelig. The hand-reliefs and the name Katz indicate members of the priestly family of the Kohanim .

The cemetery is looked after by the Abraham Society of Poběžovice. It belongs to the Association of Jewish Communities in Prague (Federace židovských obcí Praha).

history

Beginnings until the end of the 19th century

The cemetery was founded in the 16th century or the beginning of the 17th century, roughly between 1613 and 1620. But it can also be even older, since in the Middle Ages the Jewish graves did not have tombstones, but wooden steles that have completely disappeared. The oldest stone dates from 1634; it is also the oldest Jewish tombstone in the Domažlice region . The oldest part of the cemetery was surrounded by a low stone wall, 30 cm thick and 90 to 120 cm high. A single-winged gate made of rough boards led to it.

Books on burials in the cemetery have been kept since 1877, other records since 1835. However, only those buried from the Jewish community of Poběžovice were recorded in these books . In addition, Jews from Meclov, Nemanice and perhaps even from neighboring communities in Bavaria, as well as Galician refugees (mostly Orthodox Jews) after the First World War , were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Poběžovice.

The inscriptions on the tombstones were only in Hebrew until 1876. Then German and Czech inscriptions were added.

1900-1945

The appearance of the tombstones was partially damaged by Galician refugees after the First World War. They were entrusted with the restoration of the tombstones and put (out of ignorance) black inscriptions, which often did not match the real inscriptions underneath.

In 1914 Abraham Langschur compiled a list of all graves in the cemetery, which unfortunately has disappeared. In the 1930s, Abraham Langschur had the cemetery expanded. During this expansion it was surrounded by a solid wall. The southern side got a two-winged iron entrance gate in the middle. A well with a pump was built in the southeast corner.

The cemetery now had two entrances: to the old part a wooden gate, to the new part a modern gate. According to the list by Josef Vainstein (1931), the cemetery had 533 tombstones, 284 of which were from before 1850, the oldest from 1634. In 1965, František Purghart wrote of 600 graves with 495 tombstones, the oldest of which were in the central part of the Cemetery. The northern part had 20 rows, the southern 21 rows.

The cemetery was actively used until it was occupied by the German army in 1938. His fate after 1938 is unclear. After the German occupation in 1938 and during World War II , the cemetery was probably desecrated by the Nazis , but was preserved and the gravestones, even if partially overturned, remained in their original locations.

After 1945

In the 1950s, the graves were torn down and the tombstones thrown in a pile on the edge of the cemetery. A shooting range was set up in the rear half of the cemetery and later a pheasant enclosure. Many of the tombstones were removed and used as building material. The children of Poběžovice were taught by their parents until the middle of the 20th century that this place should not be approached because it was inhabited by evil spirits.

In the early 1990s, the Poběžovice Jewish Cemetery was handed over to the Pilsen Jewish Community , which for financial reasons passed it on to the Federation of Jewish Communities in Prague (Czech: Federaci židovských obcí v Praze).

The Abraham Society of Poběžovice (Občanské sdružení Abraham Poběžovice) collected 130 preserved tombstones from the above mentioned pile and put them back on. After a final restoration, the cemetery was reopened in 2007.

30 more tombstones were found on the premises of the Poběžovice elementary school in 2007 and returned to the Poběžovice Jewish cemetery in autumn 2009.

Graves of famous people

  • In the cemetery is the grave of the tailor "David the Righteous", which became a place of pilgrimage for the local Hasids in the 18th century. He was considered one of the 36 righteous who prevent the end of the world in every generation.
  • Grave of Rabbi Joel Raunschurg-Rosenbaum (1714–1820), the builder of the Poběžovitz synagogue.
  • Grave of Abraham Langschur (1841-1923), long-time chairman of the Chewra Kadischa Poběžovice and an active member of the Jewish community of Poběžovice .

literature

  • Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 (English: Extinct Jewish congregation in Poběžovice during the years 1850–1950 ), 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), Chapter 9.3.1 : Poběžovice Jewish Cemetery , pp. 56–60, online: https://is.cuni.cz/webapps/zzp/detail/99336/

Web links

Commons : Jewish Cemetery (Poběžovice)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=news#post2
  2. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 57.
  3. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 58.
  4. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=article&id=32-zidovsky-hrbitov
  5. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59.
  6. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=article&id=32-zidovsky-hrbitov
  7. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 57.
  8. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 57
  9. ↑ Chamer Zeitung, May 29, 2013, for download at http://www.pobezovice.cz/?module=dokument&action=display_dokument&id=6720
  10. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=article&id=32-zidovsky-hrbitov
  11. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 58.
  12. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59
  13. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59.
  14. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 58.
  15. ↑ Petra Malínská: Židé a židovské obce v západních Čechách v 18. - 1. polovině 20. století (English: Jews and Jewish Communities in the Western Bohemia During the Time - period from the 18th Century to the First Half of the 20th Century ) , 2007, Prague, Charles University, Hussite Faculty, thesis, p. 57
  16. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 57.
  17. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 58.
  18. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59.
  19. ↑ http://www.czecot.de/touristenobjekt/4851_ronsperg-judischer-friedhof-pobezovice
  20. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59
  21. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=article&id=32-zidovsky-hrbitov
  22. ↑ According to oral testimonies from residents of Poběžovice, 2003
  23. ↑ http://www.osabraham.wz.cz/index.php?p=article&id=32-zidovsky-hrbitov
  24. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 60
  25. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59
  26. ↑ Eva Lešková: Činnost Občanského sdružení Abraham Poběžovice. in Židé v Čechách 2 , lecture given at the seminar on September 24th and 25th, 2008 in Nýrsku. Praha: ŢMP, 2009, p. 131
  27. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 59.
  28. ↑ Šárka Roldánová: Zaniklá židovská náboženská obec v Poběžovicích v letech 1850–1950 , 2011, Prague, Charles University, Faculty of Education, Bachelor thesis (Czech), p. 60