Jewish cemetery Kohlhöfen

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The detail from the city view of Hamburgum by Matthäus Merian , 1653. The Großneumarkt is marked with 27.
Memorial plaque

The Jewish cemetery Kohlhöfen (also cemetery Markusplatz , Portuguese Betahaim de Dentro (Binnenfriedhof)) was a burial place in Hamburg's Neustadt district , which was used by the Sephardic-Portuguese community from 1627 to 1653 .

history

The Portuguese Jews had been using the cemetery on Königstrasse in Altona since 1611 . The burial of their dead outside the city in foreign territory was the only concession in the public practice of religion. In 1627 they were allowed a small burial place in the new town, which a few years earlier had been included in the town fortifications . Presumably the reason for the approval was the insecurity during the Thirty Years War , which made access to the cemetery in Altona difficult. The burial place was used from 1627 to 1652, at the same time burials continued in the cemetery in Altona.

City views from the second half of the 17th century show an undeveloped, fenced-in area north of Großneumarkt between Kohlhöfen and Markusstrasse, which probably also housed the Jewish cemetery. It had not been built over, as an old, abandoned plague cemetery of the St. Nikolai community was located here.

In 1652 the Sephardic community called on its members to bear the costs of the planned reburial . In the following year, contrary to Jewish tradition, the dead were exhumed and transferred to the Königstrasse cemetery. The reburial is mentioned on some gravestones. A stone commemorates the reburial with the text "SA D OSOS D DIVERSOS DIFUNTOS TIRADO DO BETAHAIM D HAMBURGO EM SIVAN ANNO 1541 (grave of various bones that were transferred from the Hamburg cemetery to Sivan 5414)". The Sivan 5414 corresponds to May / June 1653.

Today a memorial plaque commemorates the cemetery as part of a tour through the Neustadt.

literature

  • Michael Studemund-Halévy : Biographical lexicon of the Hamburg Sephardic: the grave inscriptions of the Portuguese cemetery on Königstrasse in Hamburg-Altona . Christians, Hamburg 2000.
  • Michael Studemund-Halévy: In the Jewish Hamburg: a city guide from A to Z . Dölling and Galitz, Munich / Hamburg 2011. p. 57.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See also: Otto Beneke: Marcus Meyer and St. Marcus-Platz . In: Hamburg stories and legends , Hamburg, Perthes-Besser & Mauke, 1854. pp. 280–283. Marcus Meyer and St. Marcus-Platz on Wikisource
  2. ↑ Gaby Zürn: The Altona Jewish Community (1611–1873): Rites and social institutions of death in transition . Lit, Münster 2001, p. 69.
  3. ↑ Michael Studemund-Halévy: Biographical Lexicon of the Hamburg Sefarden: the grave inscriptions of the Portuguese cemetery on Königstrasse in Hamburg-Altona . Christians Verlag, Hamburg 2000, p. 90

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 6.6 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 48.6"  E