Ohlsdorf Jewish cemetery

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Mourning hall of the Jewish cemetery.

The Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery , also known as the Ilandkoppel Jewish Cemetery, is a burial site in the Hamburg district of Ohlsdorf . It is currently the largest of the two Jewish burial sites in Hamburg, where burials are still taking place. The burial place of the Liberal Jewish Community in Hamburg is in the Ohlsdorf cemetery.

location

The cemetery is located in the immediate vicinity of the Ohlsdorf municipal cemetery . Separated from this, it can only be reached via a separate entrance. Clearly demarcated from the outside with a gate, grating and fence, the Ohlsdorf Jewish Cemetery forms an independent burial site for the Ashkenazi (German-Israelite) and Sephardic (Portuguese-Jewish) communities in Hamburg.

description

Hamburg Jewish cemetery Ohlsdorf.jpg

The Jewish cemetery at Ilandkoppel was opened in 1883. A funeral hall with a cemetery synagogue designed by August Pieper (1844–1891) is located on the eleven hectare burial site .

Immediately behind the entrance to the cemetery is a fountain that once served ritual ablutions, because the cemetery and the dead lead to ritual pollution for the pious Jews. Nearby is the great Abdication Hall, which was built in 1883 at the expense of the Jewish community and inaugurated on September 4, 1884. The architect August Piper had chosen the Romanesque style as a model for this dome building, in keeping with the historicism prevailing at the time. Opposite was the morgue with the room for the ritual washing of the dead ( Tahara House ). It was demolished after a renovation in the 1920s (after 1933).

Departments

The Jewish cemetery in Ohlsdorf is the only Jewish burial site in Hamburg that is still used today for other burials. It consists of several departments, including the former burial sites that were embedded in the Hamburg urban area:

  • Cemetery of honor for the Jewish soldiers who fell in World War I.
  • Portuguese cemetery
  • Historical Grindelfriedhof, Portuguese part
  • Historic Grindelfriedhof, German-Israelite community
  • Historic Ottensen cemetery
  • New Jewish cemetery
  • Neuer Steinweg cemetery

Memorial for the victims of National Socialism

Wall behind the memorial

The memorial for the victims of National Socialism has been located in the place of the former morgue since 1951. It commemorates the more than 190,000 German Jews and the more than five million European Jews who were killed by the Germans. The free-standing urn contains ashes and earth from the Auschwitz extermination camp. The memorial was designed by Felix Ascher . On the wall behind it, under the Star of David and the years 1933–1945 in German and Hebrew, are the words of the Bible . Unquenched tears run down for the slain of our people ( Jer 8,23  EU ): מי יתן ראשי מים ועיני מקור דמעה ואבכה יומם ולילה את חללי בת עמי.

Cemetery of honor for the Jewish soldiers who died in the First World War

If you walk past the abdication hall from here, you come to the cemetery of honor for the war dead of the German-Israelite community in Hamburg, which was completed in 1922 . Between 1916 and 1921, a number of architects took part in competitions for warrior graves, an emergency chapel and finally a memorial hall for the main cemetery in Ohlsdorf. During the war, burials of those involved in the war took place on this site, but these were not carried out according to a uniform plan, and it was not until 1918 that ideas about a dignified overall complex emerged. After the end of the war, in June 1920 the German-Israelitic Community wrote a limited competition among Hamburg's Jewish architects to obtain designs for the design of the war court, which was won by architects Fritz Block and Ernst Hochfeld ( Block und Hochfeld ), which became the design the execution is based. For the 80 graves, a simple stone made of shell limestone with a leaf ornament was chosen. In the free center, in effective contrast to the stored image of the tombstones, there is an obelisk that stretches upwards and is crowned with a bronze laurel wreath. On both sides of the central square, which was also supposed to serve as memorial services, nine simple, strict memorial stones are set up on which the names of over 400 Jewish soldiers from Hamburg resting in foreign soil are engraved.

Grave fields of the German-Jewish community

Portuguese graves

If you continue straight ahead, you will first reach the grave fields of the German-Jewish community on the right-hand side, covered by dense rows of trees. Portuguese surnames indicate that the strict division between Ashkenazim and Sephardim no longer existed in the 19th century. A few meters further follows the burial ground of the Sephardic community, which clearly distinguishes it from the other areas by its tombs. There are basically only two types of graves in the cemetery: the so-called lattice grave, a family grave that had to be fenced in by the purchaser, and the row grave, in which one after the other was buried as the deaths occurred. However, there was the possibility to reserve a neighboring grave for spouses. From 1886 there were separate rows of graves for children. It was not until 1897 that ashes were allowed to be buried. However, the Orthodox Jews continued to refuse cremation. The urns initially had to be buried in a coffin so that the difference could not be seen from the outside.

Memorial stone on Rentzelstrasse, memory of the historic Grindelfriedhof

Graves of evacuated Jewish cemeteries

During the Nazi era , the cemetery on Neuen Steinweg (1930s), the cemetery on Grindel , Rentzelstrasse, corner of the connection line (1937) and the Ottenser cemetery , Ottenser Hauptstrasse (1937–1941) were evacuated. The Jewish community was able to transfer some of the graves to the Ohlsdorf Jewish cemetery.

gallery

  • Grave slabs from the former Grindelfriedhof

  • Tomb of Dr. Georg Hartog Gerson

  • Gravestone of the Dellevie jewelry family

  • Gravestones Moritz Samuel Heilbut and the Warburg family

  • Gravestone Fanny Mendelson

  • Tombstone of Moses Mendelson

  • Gravestone Emilie Bieber

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Jüdischer Friedhof Ohlsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Klarmann : The renewed humiliation. Hamburg's handling of the former Neuengamme concentration camp from 1945 to 1985. (= publications by the Hamburg Working Group for Regional History (HAR) , Volume 33.) Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-12131-8 , pp. 65 f.
  2. ↑ Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. The cemetery signpost. Mammut Verlag Leipzig, August 2008, p. 218.
  3. ^ Publication about Jewish graves. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt, January 15, 2014, p. 1.

Coordinates: 53 ° 36 ′ 52 ″  N , 10 ° 2 ′ 22 ″  E