Jewish cemetery Rossau
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The Rossau Jewish Cemetery , also known as the Seegasse Jewish Cemetery due to its location , is the oldest preserved cemetery in Vienna . The members of the Jewish community were buried here between 1540 and 1783.
location
The Jewish cemetery is located in the Rossau part of Vienna's 9th district , Alsergrund , and covers an area of around 2,000 m². It can be accessed via the current retirement home at Seegasse 9-11, in whose courtyard it is located. A Jewish infirmary used to stand in place of the pensioner's house . In 1629 Seegasse was called Gassel allwo der Juden Grabstätte , from 1778 Judengasse , from 1862 Seegasse after a fish pond that was once here and was mentioned in a document in 1415 as a lake . (In order to avoid confusion between alleys, the name Judengasse was reserved for the traffic area in the 1st district, which has been called this for centuries and is still called that today.)
history
The Jewish cemetery in Seegasse was laid out in the 16th century . Between 1540 and 1783 it served as the main burial place for members of the Jewish community. When there was a pogrom against the Viennese Jews in 1670 , the Jewish merchant Koppel Fränkel deposited 4,000 guilders , whereupon the city undertook to preserve the Jewish cemetery. The Jewish cemetery was subsequently used as a burial place until 1783. In 1703 Samuel Oppenheimer was buried here, in his time one of Austria's most important creditors, and in 1724 the religious scholar and financier Samson Wertheimer .
In 1783 Joseph II forbade the use of cemeteries within the line wall . Instead, a new cemetery was created for the Jewish community outside the line wall in the suburb of Währing, the Währing Jewish cemetery . Due to the Jewish religious laws, the cemetery in the Seegasse remained untouched, while Christian cemeteries were closed and built on.
When the Nazi authorities decided in January 1941 to grind the cemetery and block the area, Jewish slave laborers removed and buried part of the gravestones at Vienna's central cemetery on behalf of the Nazi regime . In the 1980s, 280 of the original 931 tombstones were discovered there and placed at the original location according to the as- built plans drawn up by Bernhard Wachstein in the 1910s. The cemetery was rededicated on September 2, 1984. Since 2008, the cemetery has been restored in a cooperation between the Israelitischer Kultusgemeinde Wien, the Federal Monuments Office and the Vienna City Administration. Around 50 tombstones had been restored in this way by 2012. This work showed that some gravestones were buried in the Seegasse cemetery itself during the Nazi era, where they are now being exposed.
The inscriptions on the tombstones are exclusively in Hebrew .
literature
- Bernhard Wachstein: The inscriptions of the old Jewish cemetery in Vienna . Wilhelm Braumüller Verlag, Vienna / Leipzig. 2 volumes: I. 1912, II. 1917 (digitized version)
- Traude Veran: The stone archive - The Vienna Jewish cemetery in Rossau . Mandelbaum-Verlag, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85476-176-7
Individual evidence
- ^ Online presence of the City of Vienna MA 42 Opening times of the cemetery
- ↑ a b Lebendiger Friedhof ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from wien international.at on July 27, 2012, accessed on July 3, 2012
- ↑ Online presence of the City of Vienna MA 42 Reconstruction of 280 saved tombstones and rededication in 1984
- ↑ Benedikt Narodoslawsky: The Moving Gods Field , in: Falter weekly newspaper , Vienna, No. 38/2012 of September 19, 2012, p. 41 f.
Web links
- Photos of the Jewish cemetery
- Julia Schilly: The Stone Witnesses from Rossau , derstandard.at, October 29, 2010
- Hermann Menkes : A forgotten cemetery. In: Neues Wiener Journal , April 17, 1910, p. 5, right column, below (online at ANNO ).
Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 25 ″ N , 16 ° 21 ′ 45 ″ E