Rossau (Vienna)

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Rossau
coat of arms map
Roßau coat of arms
Map Vienna-Rossau.png
Rossauer Lände

The Rossau (until 1999 officially: Roßau) (with an emphasis on the "au" [aʊ̯] in the last syllable) was established after the end of the manorial rule in 1848/1849 by the provisional municipal law of March 17, which was introduced throughout the monarchy with an imperial patent 1849 part of Vienna. In 1850 Rossau was assigned to the newly created 8th district of the city, which was declared the 9th district in 1861. Since then, Rossau has been a district of Vienna in the 9th district , the Alsergrund .

geography

The Rossau lies in the east of the Alsergrund, where the Danube Canal forms the border to the districts of Brigittenau (20th) and Leopoldstadt (2nd district). In the north it borders on the Alsergrund district parts of Althan - and Thurygrund , in the west on the Alservorstadt . To the south the Rossau borders on the 1st district, the inner city . Today the borders are marked by the streets of Maria-Theresien-Straße , Liechtensteinstraße , Alserbachstraße and the Danube Canal.

The Rossau is also a ten counting district of the official statistics, whose borderline is not identical with that of the formerly independent municipality.

history

The Rossau in the Middle Ages

The name of the Rossau comes from the pastures and watering of the horses that pulled the Danube ships up the river. Originally the area was called the Rossau Oberer Werd . Werd or Wert was the Middle High German name for an island , with Rossau as a demarcation to the island with the suburb Leopoldstadt ( Unterer Werd ) being called Oberer Werd and lying between the Danube Canal and the later silted up Salzgriesarm. In 1255 the church of St. Johann im Werd was first mentioned in a papal bull. It belonged to a fishing village that was on the Danube Canal between the city wall and today's Berggasse am Oberen Werd. Due to the abundance of fish and game in the area, ownership of the estate was in great demand.

When Heinrich I of Liechtenstein wanted to dispute the ownership of the Upper Werd and the Kahlenberg with the Klosterneuburg Monastery , a papal bull in 1253 confirmed the monastery ownership. While the Liechtenstein returned the Kahlenberg, the Obere Werd and the later Lichtental remained separate.

The major fire that cremated almost all of Vienna in 1276 also destroyed the village on Oberen Werd. The village was rebuilt and incorporated into an Augustinian monastery. This moved to Augustinerstrasse in 1327 , whereupon the abandoned building was converted into a hospital. However, the hospital was unsuccessful and it was closed. In 1360 the Carmelites took over the building, but also moved to the city and built a church at Am Hof . The church of the so-called fishing suburb , however, continued to exist as the parish church of the village. The village lived mainly from fishing, which was carried out in the arms of the Danube, their oxbow lakes and a stream that originated at the Schottenpoint and flowed through today's Berggasse.

The Rossau in modern times

The Alsergrund 1609. On the right the Rossau with the bourgeois shooting range, in the middle today's Währinger Straße on the elevation of the "Schottenpoint"
The Rossau police district around 1830, consisting of five suburbs

In the course of the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529, the fishing village on the Danube Canal and all other buildings were destroyed by flames. In 1540, however, the Vienna City Council decided to rebuild St. John's Church. A construction prohibition zone was introduced around the city and an initially 90 meter wide glacis was built for better defense . The medieval suburbs that arose in front of the city gates now disappeared for good.

In 1547 the civil shooting range was built in Rossau in front of the Schottentor , one of the city gates of Vienna, where crossbow and rifle shooters trained. After an imperial decree of 1632, which provided for the expansion of the glacis to 300 steps and a construction ban in advance, a Schwarzenberg palace and the fishing village fell victim to the defensive measures . As a result, the Rossau area was reduced to the area between today's Berggasse and Alserbachstraße. In addition to a small settlement in front of the city walls with the shooting range, the Rossau still had a strong character with ponds, watercourses and oxbow lakes that hindered settlement. Therefore, for a long time, the area was mostly only used by fishermen, raftsmen and as pasture and watering for the horses.

Appreciated because of its proximity to the city, the Rossau later became interesting for aristocrats and wealthy citizens for the construction of second homes with richly landscaped gardens. The mayor of Vienna, Daniel Moser , also had a garden built for him between today's Rossauer Lände and today's Hahngasse . In 1638 the Court War Council gave the Servite Order permission to build a monastery in Rossau. The priests bought the land from the widow Laura Katharina Quattin, and an advance detachment converted the barn into a chapel. The most important donor for the construction of a church was the imperial military leader Octavio Piccolomini , who financed the construction of a new church and monastery through the sale of an estate in Bohemia. After Piccolomini's death, Johann Tury continued to finance the construction of the Servite Church. In 1666 the first service could be held in the erected shell. In 1683, like all suburbs, Rossau suffered from the Second Turkish siege of Vienna . Between 1727 and 1766, the Peregrini Chapel with valuable frescoes by Mölk was built next to the Servite Church.

Until 1850, one of the oldest Viennese execution sites was located here , the so-called Rabenstein.

In 1849 the Rossau was incorporated into Vienna and in 1850 part of the new 8th district; it was declared the 9th district in 1861 because the suburb Margareten (now 5th district) separated from Wieden (4th district).

From 1902 to 1904 the police building was built on the Elisabeth promenade on what is now Rossauer Lände .

Culture and sights

The Servitenkirche, consecrated in 1670, on a historical engraving

The Rossau is part of the World Heritage Site Historic Center of Vienna . (The area south of Berggasse, Schlickgasse and Türkenstraße belongs to its core zone, the area north of it to its outer zone.)

In the baroque (garden) palace Liechtenstein in the Rossau, last seat of the State Museum of Modern Art until 2001 , the Liechtenstein Museum of the Princely House of the same name was housed from 2004 to 2012 , which mainly has baroque art from one of the largest private collections in the world; the art collection is still in the palace, but the term Liechtenstein Museum is no longer used. The Servitenkirche and the Servitenkloster are the local symbols of the district. The Schauspielhaus Wien is located in Porzellangasse in the Servitenviertel around the church . The Sigmund Freud Museum was opened in 1971 in Sigmund Freud's former practice and apartment at Berggasse 19, which he used until 1938 . The Rossau Jewish Cemetery in the courtyard of a retirement home on Seegasse is the oldest preserved cemetery in Vienna; the community synagogue on Müllnergasse (not far from the Servitenkirche) was destroyed in the November pogroms in 1938 . In 2015 the Strauss Museum opened in Müllnergasse with a permanent exhibition on the family history of the Strauss musician dynasty. The Rossauer barracks, built in the south-east of the district between 1865 and 1869, was originally dedicated to the army and later to the police. Today it houses the headquarters of the Federal Ministry of Defense and Sports and the traffic control center of the Vienna police. In 2013, the former building opposite the Rossauer barracks was handed over to the pension insurance after the necessary renovation of the University of Vienna . This building houses the mathematics and economics and statistics faculties. Associated with this was the renaming of the space between the building and the Danube Canal in Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz after the pioneer of game theory Oskar Morgenstern . On the banks of the Danube Canal, the restaurant called “Summerstage” was opened in 1995 at the Rossauer Lände underground station . It combines music, culture and (open-air) gastronomy.

Economy and Infrastructure

The first important company to settle in Rossau (Liechtensteinstrasse 43) in 1718 was the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory , which passed into imperial ownership in 1744 and was able to expand rapidly as a result. In 1754 a calico factory was opened in the house opposite , which from 1777 also built wool sorting systems and spinning machines. However, from the late 18th century onwards, saddlery and wagon making developed into the most important craft trades in Rossau . Since numerous ships docked at the Rossauer and Spittelauer Lände until the 1930s and these had to be pulled against the Danube with horses, there was a great need for harnesses , saddles and ropes . An additional demand resulted from the numerous aristocratic palaces that Sattler and Wagner needed for their carriages. This led to the fact that from the end of the 18th century a center for wagon construction was established in Rossau. In 1845, at the heyday of this craft, around 30% of the Viennese saddlers, around 15% of the wagons, 42% of the carriage fitters and 47% of the carriage carpenters worked in what is now the district. Numerous Wagner businesses were located in today's Porzellangasse in particular. The porcelain factory, however, had to close in 1864 due to strong Bohemian competition. It was not re-established in Augarten until 1923 ( Augarten Porcelain Manufactory ).

The Rossau gas works was the first commercial gas works in Vienna.

The Roßauer Lände underground station was opened in 1901 , when it was still a station for the Vienna city railway . With the Latin America Institute, an interdisciplinary institute for scientific and cultural exchange with Latin America has been located in the district since 1965.

Personalities

  • Johann Philipp Högl (1755–1805), master stonemason and judge in Rossau
  • Karl Lind (1831–1901), Section Councilor in the Ministry of Education, archaeologist and art historian
  • Johann Metz (1809–1887), master builder, councilor and co-founder of the Chamber of Commerce in Linz on the Danube
  • Hermann Schubert (1826–1892), Benedictine, preacher and pastor

literature

  • Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: The Harrach garden in the Rossau . In: Die Gartenkunst  26 (2/2014), pp. 275–286.
  • Alfred Wolf : Alsergrund. District of Poets and Thinkers. Vienna 1993.
  • Alfred Wolf: Alsergrund Chronicle. From Roman times to the end of the monarchy. Vienna 1981.

Web links

Commons : Rossau (Vienna)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Resolution of the Vienna City Council of December 17, 1999, PrZ 299-M07, P 49, source: wien.gv.at : In an amendment to the GRB of January 30, 1981, the principles of the Vienna Nomenclature Commission are used for the writing of traffic area designations and geographical names added to the effect that the new spelling is generally used. The changed spelling on street boards, orientation number boards and the like as well as in personal documents is only to be taken into account in the case of new installation or reissue.
  2. http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=rgb&date=1849&page=340&size=45
  3. ^ Karl Hofbauer: The Rossau and the fishing village on the upper Werd . Vienna 1866, pp. 27–30.

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '  N , 16 ° 22'  E