Peregrini Chapel (Rossau)

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The Peregrini Chapel
Engraving of the Peregrini Chapel by Landerer (interior view of the last expansion stage by Melchior Hefele). The caption reads: "Actual presentation of the interior of the chapels together with the altar erected by Black Marmel in honor of the miraculous Saint Peregrini Latiosi from the order of the servants of our dear women in the promised order Church at the Annunciation of the suburb of Rossau in Vienna"

The Peregrini Chapel in the Rossau part of Vienna's 9th district Alsergrund is a chapel located on the north side of the Rossau parish church (Grünentorgasse 16A). It is a late baroque testimony to the veneration of the holy Servite brother Peregrinus Laziosi . The chapel was expanded by Melchior Hefele in 1765/66 and contains valuable frescoes by the painter Joseph Adam Ritter von Mölk from Vienna-Rodaun .

location

The Peregrini Chapel extends in its longitudinal axis over 30 meters parallel to the Servitenkirche on its north side, from east to west along Grünentorgasse. One access is in the west wall of the Antonius Chapel (so-called Anna-Altar), which extends the oval space of the parish church Rossau in the transverse axis. Since 1827 there has also been an access from the street (entrance Grünentorgasse). The entrance in Grünentorgasse has been wheelchair accessible since 2014 .

The two- bay , square-vaulted vestibule of the Peregrini Chapel up to the ornate lattice of Zorigübl formed its original first stage of construction. An oval domed room connects to the anteroom, which represents the first room expansion (1728/29). This is followed by the youngest, third construction phase, namely another domed room with a rectangular floor plan with sloping corners, to which the retracted chancel with semicircular apse adjoins (1765/66).

Building history and facility

Shortly after the canonization of Peregrin on December 27, 1726, it was decided to build a separate chapel for the veneration of this saint as an extension to the Servite Church. The foundation stone was laid on September 11, 1727. The worship of this saint was greatly encouraged by the Servites , as the Peregrin Chapel built in Innsbruck in 1731 and the Maria Loretto parish church show. The initially small chapel was completed in December 1727.

Today's vestibule has a composite double pilaster structure, a cranked cornice pulled down below the window and double belt arches. The first enlargement of the chapel took place as early as 1728/1729, due to the laying of the foundation stone on June 24, 1728: Due to a generous donation from Anna Maria von Roggenfels (5,000 guilders), the chapel was expanded and an ornate rococo lattice by the Rossau master locksmith Johann Zorigübl was marked with the year "1729", made.

In 1729 a sacrificial tablet and a lamp were donated for the chapel.

In 1735 the chapel received a relic of the healed leg of St. Peregrin including authenticity (certificate of authenticity) from the Roman order protector of the Servites . In 1747 the shrine of the saint, in which the wax figure of the canonization ceremony was placed, was furnished with a precious silver frame in rocaille ornamentation by Joseph Krembser . Later, by order of the archbishop, the wax figure was replaced by a wooden figure, as it looked lifelike with hair and fabric clothing and could give rise to undesirable superstitions. The original wax figure was initially kept in the chapter house , then in the cloister of the monastery .

In 1754 the altar of the chapel was given a silver tabernacle , the work of the silversmith Johann Lamprecht.

The influx of believers was so great that on April 14, 1765 , the Viennese magistrate approved the request to enlarge the chapel in Grünentorgasse again. In the years 1765–1766, the chapel was enlarged by adding a further space yoke and an apse and received its present shape.

These two successive domed rooms show composite pilasters with a console cornice, laterally windowed, arched, shallow arcade niches.

The semicircular altar was designed with six coupled columns made of black, partly gilded lily fields marble , crowned by a partly ribbed, partly coffered half-dome (calotte) with a lantern top , based on a design by the architect Melchior Hefele . This was Hefele's second building project in Vienna after the high altar of the Maria am Gestade church in 1764/66. A possible model for the architectural solution in the Peregrini Chapel is Fischer von Erlach's first design for the dome decoration of the Karlskirche in Vienna . The separation of the altar niche from the chapel room in front is marked by a triumphal arch resting on pillars.

Frescoes

The Peregrini Chapel received two important dome frescos by Mölk in 1767. The front circular painting shows the glorification of St. Peregrin: In the foreground on the right you can see the wonderful healing of Anna Maria von Roggenfels, who donated 5000 guilders for the chapel expansion in 1728 out of gratitude for a wonderful healing. The other ceiling painting shows the conversion and calling of St. Peregrin through Mary , Our Lady . The scenes are framed by illusionistic pseudo-architecture .

In 1908 the Peregrini Chapel was restored, and another in the years up to 2014.

Adoration of St. Peregrin in Vienna

The veneration of St. Peregrin was of great importance in all branches of the Servite Order. According to their statutes, there should be an image of this saint in every religious church. But Peregrin was especially venerated in Vienna. As early as 1730, the first devotional book by Father Leopold Rockenfels about Saint Peregrin was published under the title A glorious miracle tree in its holiness is Peregrinus . In 1736 the writing Peregrinatio novena or Nine Days Refuge to St. Peregrin . Many of the sermons held on the feast day in the Rossau Servite Church were published in print for the purpose of spreading the veneration of Peregrin, for example the sermon Rajmundus a nativitate BMV: Peregrinus Heilig von Fuß auf from 1740 .

Cardinal Archbishop Sigismund of Kollonitz led in 1735 the feast of St. Peregrin binding on the entire Archdiocese of Vienna one. In 1745 a brotherhood of fiakers and wage coachmen was founded at the Rossau Servite Church in honor of St. Peregrin. The veneration of St. Peregrin was also cultivated at the Viennese court . As early as 1727, when the Peregrini shrine was carried in a solemn procession to the Servite Church, both Emperor Charles VI found themselves in the course of the eight-day celebrations for High Mass . with his wife and Archduchess Magdalena . For the annual feast of the saint, almost the entire court came to Rossau. In 1779 Maria Theresa ordered a devotion for her son, Archduke Maximilian , who was later to become Elector and Archbishop of Cologne, who was ill with a foot .

In 1782 Pope Pius VI visited. On the occasion of his stay in Vienna, accompanied by the Prince Archbishop of Prague and the Bishop of Erlau, he visited the Servite Monastery and, after adoration in front of the high altar of the Servite Church, held a longer prayer in the Peregrini Chapel. A black marble plaque with the inscription: Pius VI reminds of this incident . visited this chapel in 1782, April 10th, and prayed in front of the Altar of Heil. Peregrinus. The Pope, who suffered from osteoarthritis in the last years of his life, placed great trust in the intercession of St. Peregrin. He had his relic brought to him and recommended him as patron of the foot sufferers and the chronically ill.

Under Emperor Joseph II , by court decree of January 20, 1783, one of the twenty newly created suburban parishes was established at the Servite Church, today's Rossau parish . As a result, the Servite monastery escaped annulment, as it did with the Servite monasteries Maria Waldrast and Maria Weißenstein in Tyrol, Maria Annunciation in Prague's New Town and in Maria Loretto in today's Burgenland. All pious brotherhoods were abolished under Joseph II, including the Peregrini brotherhood. Although pilgrimages were generally abolished by Joseph II , the general veneration of St. Peregrin was not affected. Joseph Haydn was one of the prominent admirers of the saint at this time .

The veneration of Peregrin found great popularity in the Biedermeier period. In 1827 the centenary of the canonization was festively celebrated and pilgrims came from all over Vienna, Lower Austria , Styria and Hungary . Every year the Peregrini Novena was celebrated from April 26th to May 4th with a pontifical mass by the abbot of the Schottenstift . Evening services with a cycle of sermons were held, and the relic of Peregrin's healed leg was worshiped in public. The festive days were combined with a Kirtag , during which the so-called Peregrini croissants were distributed as a special attraction . Emperor Ferdinand had these pastries brought to the Hofburg fresh from the oven on the Peregrini festivals and after his resignation from the throne (1848) Emperor Ferdinand sent the Peregrini croissants to Prague on the Hradschin by courier . The Peregrini croissants were also valued in Sigmund Freud's house . The dancer Fanny Elßler showed particular admiration for the holy Peregrin, who donated a silver laurel wreath out of gratitude for the healing of a broken leg.

From 1914 onwards, the cult of the saint was revived by the annual folk procession through Lichtental and Rossau, in which the Viennese Mayor Weiskirchner took part and Cardinal Archbishop Gustav Piffl gave the pontifical blessing. Until the Second Vatican Council , the whole of May was celebrated as "Peregrini Month"; The centerpiece was the Peregrini Novena, which was celebrated from April 26th until the festival on May 4th.

The Peregrini fair continued well into the 21st century. Every year the Austrian Society for Phlebology and Dermatological Angiology awards the Peregrini Award for publications in the field of phlebology.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://austria-forum.org/af/Wissenssammlungen/Biographien/Mölk,_Joseph_Adam Retrieved on May 11, 2014
  2. ↑ http://www.rossau.at/servitenkirche/servitenkirchedetail.html (accessed on January 4, 2014)
  3. ^ Johann Christian Stelzhammer: Kirchliche Topographie des Erzherzogthums Oesterreich (The first division, tenth volume, 1836), page 267 (Google Books consulted on December 15, 2013).
  4. ↑ Karl Lechner: Church and Monastery of the Servites in Rossau (1970) page 30.
  5. ↑ a b Dehio Vienna II. To IX. and XX. (1993), p. 380.
  6. ↑ Candidus M. Lösch, little book on the centenary celebrations of the canonization of St. Peregrinus (1827), page 21.
  7. ^ Johann Christian Stelzhammer: Kirchliche Topographie des Erzherzogthums Oesterreich (The first division, tenth volume, 1836), page 266 (Google Books queried on December 15, 2013).
  8. ^ Karl Lechner: Church and Monastery of the Servites in Rossau (1970), page 31.
  9. ^ Dehio Vienna II. To IX. and XX. (1993), p. 381.
  10. ^ Luigi A. Ronzoni, View of the Peregrini Chapel after 1767, in: Michael Krapf, Triumph der Phantasie (published by Österreichische Galerie Belvedere 1998), page 283.
  11. ^ Guby, M. Hefele, A forgotten Viennese architect, in: Monthly Gazette of the Alterthums-Verein zu wien, Bankd XII (1918), No. 5, 6/7, quoted from Luigi A. Ronzoni, view of the Peregrini Chapel after 1767, in : Michael Krapf, Triumph der Phantasie (edited by Österreichische Galerie Belvedere 1998), page 282.
  12. ^ Luigi A. Ronzoni, View of the Peregrini Chapel after 1767, in: Michael Krapf, Triumph der Phantasie (edited by Österreichische Galerie Belvedere 1998), page 282.
  13. ^ Karl Lechner: Church and Monastery of the Servites in Rossau, page 31.
  14. ^ Johann Christian Stelzhammer: Church topography of the Archduchy of Austria , page 265
  15. ↑ August Leutmötzer: The Church of the Annunciation, page 51.
  16. ↑ Candidus M. Lösch, Little book on the centenary celebrations of the canonization (1827), page 24.
  17. ^ Eva Gesine Baur : Freuds Wien: a search for traces, page 157 (queried in Google Books on January 4, 2014)
  18. ^ Augustin M. Pötscher, Peregrin Laziosi, Patron of Cancer and Advocate of God (2001), page 12.
  19. ↑ http://www.phlebologie.at/preis.htm (retrieved on January 12, 2014).

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '14.2 "  N , 16 ° 21' 49.7"  E