Jewish life in Hattingen

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Jewish life in Hattingen began at the beginning of the 19th century. The first Jews settled permanently in Hattingen during the Napoleonic rule .

history

In Bügeleisenhaus since 1853 a Jewish family of butchers, most recently Selma and Alfred Abraham, who were deported to the Riga ghetto in 1941 survived.

From 1819 to 1905 there was a Jewish cemetery in Bismarckstrasse, until a reburial was necessary due to a street widening. The subsequent Jewish cemetery at Am Vinckenbrink now has 62 gravestones.

The synagogue on Bahnhofstrasse was inaugurated on September 13, 1872.

In 1880 the Jewish community had grown to 147 members.

During the First World War, the Jewish community members Adolf Gumbert, Josef Gumperz, Artur Levy, Erich Löwenstein, Hermann Röttgen and Walter Röttgen fell at the front. A memorial plaque was unveiled for them on November 24, 1926 in the synagogue community.

time of the nationalsocialism

At the end of October 1938 there was the first deportation as part of the Poland campaign . After the assassination attempt by Herschel Grynszpan on the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on November 7, 1938 in Paris, the November 1938 pogroms followed . The synagogue was burned down by the National Socialists.

Among other things, the Jewish owner of the clothing store "Gebrüder Kaufmann" at Bruchstrasse 3, Jacob Hefter, was taken into protective custody by the Gestapo , was taken to the prison cell of the Hattingen town hall for one night , then to the Dortmund Steinwache and then to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . After Hefter agreed to sell the house and allow his family to emigrate, he was released.

At least 30 Hattingen Jews managed to escape from Hattingen by the end of 1939. 55 stayed behind. On June 26, 1941, the first Jews had to leave their homes and move to the old rifle factory on the Ruhr Bridge . Eight Jews living in " mixed marriages " were initially spared. Two Jewish men took their own lives.

The Iron house belonged to a Jewish family of butchers from the 1853rd Their descendants Selma and Alfred Abraham were expropriated in 1941 and probably deported to the Riga ghetto on December 11, 1941 . They probably perished there.

On April 20, 1942, three months after the Wannsee Conference , Berta and Sophie Walter were deported from the rifle factory. They were transported from the Hattingen train station via Düsseldorf to the Izbica ghetto .

In another transport a few days later, Aron and Mathile Löwenstein, Amalie and Karl Cahn, Ossiel and Rika Landsmann, Hermann Ostwald, as well as Alfred, Bacia, Günther, Inge, Isidor and Klara Markus were deported from the rifle factory; also Meta Blume from Blankenstein and Kurt Kamp from Bredenscheid-Stüter . They were deported to the Zamość ghetto near Lublin via a collection camp at Dortmund Süd train station .

After the Second World War

As far as is known, only six of the Jews deported from Hattingen survived; they were only brought to the camps in 1944, came from so-called mixed marriages and had converted to the Christian faith for decades.

In 2006 , the Hattingen City Archives published their own treatises to help them review it. In 2003 a work was published on forced labor in Hattingen . The memorial projects include the stumbling blocks in Hattingen .

The Jewish community of Bochum-Herne-Hattingen is responsible for Hattingen today .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area
  2. ↑ a b Svenja Hanusch: Jewish life in the city. In: WAZ, November 9, 2012
  3. ↑ Eva Nimmert: The teacher and cantor Meier Andorn (1872-1943).
  4. ↑ a b Svenja Hanusch: How Ursula Winter experienced the pogrom night. In: WAZ, November 9, 2012
  5. ↑ a b c Thomas Weiß: The Hattinger Synagoge. Hattingen City Archives, 2006
  6. ↑ a b c Svenja Hanusch: Deported and murdered. In: WAZ, November 9, 2012
  7. ^ Richard P .: Stumbling block Selma Abraham. Photo and accompanying text. February 4, 2008, archived from the original on April 29, 2013 ; Retrieved April 29, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Thomas Weiß, city archivist: Stolperstein for Selma Abraham, geb. Cahn. (PDF; 721 kB) 2006, p. 5 , archived from the original on April 29, 2013 ; Retrieved April 29, 2013 .
  9. ↑ Thomas Weiß: "I will never forget these tears ..." - History of the synagogue community in Hattingen. Hattingen City Archives, 2006
  10. ↑ Thomas Weiß, Anja Kuhn (ed.): Forced labor in Hattingen. 2003, ISBN 3-89861-203-1