Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel
Yakov Gakkel Modestowitsch ( Russian Яков Модестович Гаккель ; born April 30 . Jul / 12. May 1874 greg. In Irkutsk ; † 12. December 1945 in Leningrad ) was a Russian scholar, a railway engineer and aircraft designer. His works included numerous first-generation Russian aircraft designs, which have been described as the most important in Russia.
Life
Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel was born on May 12, 1874 in Irkutsk . His parents were employed in the military. In 1897 he finished studying electrical engineering at the Petersburg University in Saint Petersburg , after which he carried out his first work in Siberia . He worked near the town of Bodaibo . He was employed in the construction of a hydroelectric power station and from there he built the first high-voltage line in Russia. In 1903 he returned to Saint Petersburg and taught in the electrical engineering institute there. At the same time he was involved in the design and construction of the St. Petersburg tram . After the work was completed, he received a prize from the shareholders of Westinghouse Electric in 1909 and he began to design his first aircraft, called the Gakkel-I . Together with SS Shchetinin, he founded the SS Shchetinin Aviation School, the first aviation company in Russia. In total, he planned 15 aircraft by 1924, 10 of them were built and 5 or 6 of them undertook independent flights. The planes were of different designs. The first flying boat built in Russia was one of them. Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel's aircraft have been shown at numerous exhibitions, they set numerous records, but there was no large-scale production. The lack of orders forced Gakkel to retire from the aircraft business, although he continued to occupy himself with aircraft design. The projects proposed by him could not be realized even after 1920. The effects of the October Revolution were to blame . Since 1921 he was a professor at the Electrotechnical Institute of the city now called Leningrad .
That is why Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel was involved in the construction of ´ diesel locomotives , and on August 5, 1924, the Щэл1, the first diesel locomotive built in the USSR , was completed on the site of the Baltic Works in Leningrad . In 1934 JM Gakkel designed a steam tractor . The steam engine for this vehicle was used in some steam ships .
From 1936 JM Gakkel worked in the Railway Department of Leningrad University as an engineer for rail transport.
He is the author of numerous publications and the creator of some inventions.
He died on December 12, 1945 in Leningrad. He is buried in the Leningrad Cemetery Literatorskie Mostki .
family
JM Gakkel was married to Olga Glebovna Gakkel , née Uspenskaja . Their children were Jakow Jakowlewitsch Gakkel (1901-1965), a hydrologist and oceanographer and the daughter Ekaterina Jakowlewna Gakkel (1903-1984). She was one of the first women to achieve the title of professor at Leningrad University . She specialized in the automation of locomotives and has published extensively on the design of locomotives.
Works
Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel left behind a large number of works and constructions in various technical fields.
Aircraft construction
The Gakkel-III biplane with an air-cooled engine of 35 hp was built in 1910. It completed a certified 200 m flight and was one of the first Russian-made aircraft.
The double-decker Gakkel-IV already had an engine output of 100 hp.
In 1911 the construction of the Gakkel-V flying boat appeared . It was exhibited at the 1st National Aviation Exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1910/1911, where it won the silver medal . This construction was never flown.
Also in 1911 the Gakkel VII aircraft appeared . It had a total weight of 504 kg. It was powered by a 100 hp drive motor. In July 1911, it set a speed record. It flew with the pilot Glew Wassiljewitsch Alexandrow on the route St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo and back at an average speed of 92 km / h. The second built copy of this model won the gold medal at the 2nd National Aviation Exhibition in Moscow . Alexandrov also set the national altitude record of 1,350 m, which was valid in Russia at the time, with this aircraft.
The Gakkel-IX aircraft, released in 1912, was one of the first monoplane in the world.
Railway engineering
In 1924 the diesel locomotive Щэл1 appeared under the direction of JM Gakkel. It was one of the first two diesel locomotives to appear in the USSR . JM Gakkel is also credited with working on a railcar consisting of two individual cars. This vehicle is said to have had the designation AP 1 ( Russian АП-1 ). There is no information about this vehicle in the literature.
Awards and titles
From 1921 Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel was a professor at Leningrad University. During the times of the Soviet Union , he received several state awards. In 1940 he was awarded the Order of Honored Representative of Science and Technology , and he was also awarded an order with the designation Red Workers Personalities from the Central Committee of the CPSU .
Monuments
A street in St. Petersburg was named after JM Gakkel; the Gakkelskaya Ulitsa . In the Railway Institute at St. Petersburg University there is a memorial that commemorates the place where the creator of the first aircraft and diesel locomotives worked in Russia and the USSR .
literature
- Vadim Borisowitsch Schawrow "History of Aircraft Construction in the USSR until 1938", 3rd revised edition, Verlag Maschinenbau, 1985
- “JM Gakkels Aircraft, Guide to the USSR Air Fleet”, 1952
- "Textbooks and inventions of rail transport", collections and collected materials, 1956
Web links
- Grave of the Gakkel family
- Website about JM Gakkel's aircraft designs ( Memento from May 1, 2001 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biography of Jakow Modestowitsch Gakkel in the St. Petersburg Encyclopedia
- ↑ Film sequence from December 14, 1924 of the rollout of the first diesel locomotive built in the USSR
- ^ Sketch of the Gakkel-III biplane
- ↑ Internet site about the Gakkel III aircraft
- ↑ Website about the aircraft Gakkel-VII to IX on the website of the aircraft designs by JM Gakkel ( Memento from November 21, 2002 in the Internet Archive )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gakkel, Jakow Modestowitsch |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian scholar and engineer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 12, 1874 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Irkutsk |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 12, 1945 |
| Place of death | Leningrad |