Jardwadjali

The Jardwadjali , also called Jadawadjali , are a tribe of the Aborigines who inhabited the land on the upper watershed of the Wimmera River , bordered to the east by Gariwerd , the ( Grampians National Park ), and to the west by Lake Bringalbert in Victoria . The towns of Horsham , Cavendish , Coleraine , Asply , Minyip and Donald are in their area. There were 37 Jardwadjali clans who have an alliance with their neighbors, the Djab wurrung -Aborigines through marriage, common culture, trade relations and consanguinity. The Jardwadjali society is matriarchal .

history

Aboriginal map of Victoria.

People lived in the Jardwadjali tribe's territory for 30,000 to 40,000 years; they lived in the Gariwerd area several thousand years before the last ice age. Artifacts in the Victoria Range (Billawin Range) have been dated to be 22,000 years old.

Conflicts and Expropriation

In 1836 Edward Henty was the first European to explore the Jardwadjali land from the south and European colonization began. Another wave of colonizers came from the north with Lieutenant Robert Briggs, who settled the land on Lake Lonsdale .

The explorer Major Thomas Livingstone Mitchell came through Jardwadjali Land in 1836 and named many geographic landscapes, including the Grampian Mountains, after the eponymous mountains in Scotland. The Jardwadjali called these mountains Gariwerd , which means pointed mountains or the shoulder .

For the Jardwadjali and Djab wurrung Aborigines, the central creation figures of the dream time , Bunjil and buledji Brambimbula , the two Bram brothers, who are responsible in their ideas for the creation, shaping and naming of the landscapes in western Victoria.

There was no Aboriginal mission station in Jardwadjali Land, so in the 1860s and 1870s many Jardwadjali Aborigines were spent in the Ebenezer Mission in Wergaia Land on the Wimmera River and in the Lake Condah Mission in Dhauwurd Wurrung Land.

massacre

The settlement of the Europeans brought about the resistance to the land grab; Aborigines resisted or stole sheep. This led to violent conflicts between white settlers and Aborigines and, in some cases, to massacres of Aborigines .

A few reports of the massacres reached the court. After the Fighting Hills massacre , John Whyte traveled to Melbourne to inform Governor Charles La Trobe of the massacre. The Protector of Aborigines Charles Sievwright , who personally investigated and reported massacres, was not heard. No charges have ever been brought and the Aborigines have been denied access to their rights in court. The above affair, like other affairs, was never officially noted and not documented.

George Augustus Robinson , the Chief Protector of Aborigines, wrote in his diary in 1841 when he visited the Portland Bay area where the Whyte Brothers, who were involved in the massacre, settled:

" The settlers at the Bay spoke of the settlers up the country dropping the natives as coolly as if they were speaking of dropping cows. Indeed, the doctrine is being promulgated that they are not human, or hardly so and thereby inculcating the principle that killing them is no murder. ” (German: The settlers of the coast told about the settlers of the inland that they destroyed the Aborigines as if they were they cows. In fact, they had the opinion that Aborigines were hardly or no humans, which is why they insisted on everyone that killing the Aborigines is fundamentally not murder.)

Table: Reports of massacres in Jardwadjali land up to 1859

date	place	Aboriginal involved	Europeans involved	Reports of Aboriginal deaths
March 8, 1840	The Hummocks near Wando Vale , known as the Fighting Hills	Konongwootong Gundidj clan	William Whyte, George Whyte, Prongle Whyte, James Whyte, John Whyte and 3 workers: Daniel Turner, Benjamin Wardle, William Gillespie	over 40 men, women and women and possibly more than 80 people
March 1840	Merino Downs Station, Wannon River	Konongwootong Gundidj clan	George McNamara, owner of a cabin	'Lanky Bill', some survivors of the Fighting Hills massacre
April 1, 1840	near Konongwootong reservoir, called Fighting Waterholes	Konongwootong Gundidj clan	Farm workers, employees of the Whyte brothers	numerous old men, women and children
January 14, 1840	Nangeela Station, Glenelg River	unknown clan	Robert Savage and Captain HEP ​​Dana	two aborigines
June - September 1840	The Grange, Southern Grampians (Gariwerd)	Jardwadjali or Djab wurrung, unknown clans	Charles Wedge and others	June 5th, August 13th, September 5th
1841	Junction from Glenelg and Wannon River	Jardwadjali or Dhauwurd wurrung, unknown clans	Augustine Barton's employees	17 Aborigines
August 1842	Tahara or Spring Valley Station	Jardwadjali or Dhauwurd wurrung, unknown clan	Trevor Winter's employees	1 aboriginal
August 6, 1843	Victoria Range	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	HEP Dana and Native Police Corps	20 aborigines
August 13, 1843	near Mount Zero	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	HEP Dana and a branch of the Native Police Corps	4 aborigines
November 9, 1843	Thomas Rickett's Stations on the Glenelg River near Harrow	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	Thomas Ricketts and Workers	3 aborigines
October 19, 1844	Land 40 km north of Longerenong Station	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	Sergeant James Daplin, Border Police Sparrow and Bushe Troops, David Cameron	2 Aborigines - Jim Crow and Charlie
July 11, 1845	unknown	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	HEP Dana and a division of the Native Police Corps	3 aborigines
February 6, 1846	Mullagh Station, 7 miles north of Harrow	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	Employed by Walter Birmingham and Owen O'Reilly	1 aboriginal
October 1847	Mount Talbot	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	John Stockell	1 aboriginal
June 26, 1849	Wannon River	Jardwadjali, unknown clan	James Lloyd, Cabin Owner John Ralston, Roseneath Station	1 aboriginal

language

The Jardwadjali language is 90 percent identical to the vocabulary of the Djab worrung . Sub-dialects are Jagwadjali, Jardwadjali, Mardidjali, and Nundadjali.

Cricket

The Aboriginal cricket team pictured with their coach Tom Wills at the MCG in 1867

Jardwadjali formed the core of the Australian-Aboriginal cricket team in England in 1868, despite attempts by central management to stop the tour because of the Aboriginal people taking part. The team played 47 matches, won 14, lost 14 and played in another 19. Unamurriman was a player known in cricket circles as Johnny Mullagh , who was born in 1843.

Younger story

In 1989 there was a proposal from the Minister of Tourism of Victoria, Steve Crabb, to rename some geographical places in this area after the cultural heritage of the Aborigines. Strong opposition arose against these proposals from the European descendants of the settlers. The Brambuk Center then proposed five Aboriginal communities as double names for the main areas, such as Gariwerd / Grampians. Some suggestions were nevertheless implemented:

• Grampians became Gariwerd (mountains)
• Mount Zero became Mura Mura (Little Hill)
• Hall's Gap became Budja Budja

The Brambuk National Park and Cultural Center in Halls Gap is owned by Jardwadjali and Djab Wurrung. The center is managed by five Aboriginal communities who maintain the links with the historical places of the Gariwerd-Grampians-Ranges and the historical places.

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Ian D. Clark, page 141, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0855752815
2. ↑ Parks Victoria, Management Plan of the Grampians National Park ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 2003, ISBN 0731131312 . Retrieved November 19, 2008  
3. ^ William Howitt, p. 302, The History of Discovery in Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand: From the Earliest Date to the Present Day , Published by Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865. Accessed November 19, 2008
4. ↑ Laura Kostanski, 'That Name is OUR history: Divergent Histories of Place'  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   , University of Ballarat, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS WORKING PAPER 2006/10, ISSN  1832-6846. Retrieved November 19, 2008
5. ^ Ian D. Clark, 144, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0855752815
6. ↑ Ian D. Clark, pp. 145-167, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0855752815
7. ^ Ian D. Clark, 149, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0855752815
8. ↑ Ian D. Clark, pp. 145-167, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859 , Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0855752815 Information condensed from descriptive reports from historical sources
9. ↑ Jardwadjali ( Memento of the original from October 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Victorian Aboriginal Languages ​​Directory, accessed November 19, 2008  
10. ^ David Sampson, Strangers in a Strange Land. The 1868 Aborigines and other Indigenous Performers in Mid-Victorian Britain , Doctoral Thesis, University of Technology Sydney, August 2000.
11. ↑ Laura Kostanski, pp. 6–8 'That Name is OUR history: Divergent Histories of Place'  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   , University of Ballarat, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS WORKING PAPER 2006/10, ISSN  1832-6846 . Retrieved November 19, 2008
12. ↑ Ian D. Clark and Lionel L. Harradine, The restoration of Jardwadjali and Djab Wurrung names for rock art sites and landscape features in and around the Grampians National Park , Melbourne, Vic. : Koorie Tourism Unit, 1990.
13. ↑ About Brambuk National Park and Cultural Center , Brambuk National Park and Cultural Center website. Retrieved November 25, 2008