Yoke truffle
| Yoke truffle | ||||||||||||
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Electron microscope image (1000 ×) of a spore from Funneliformis mosseae |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Glomerales | ||||||||||||
| Morton & Benny |
The yoke truffle-like (Glomerales) are an order of fungi that form a symbiosis (mycorrhiza) with many plants.
features
The fungi form unseptated hyphae in the soil and in the plant roots ; septa can only be formed in older hyphae when the cytoplasm is regressed, or in order to pinch off the spores . Vesicles or arbuscules are formed within the root cells. The asexual reproduction is done by chlamydospores (Morton & Redecker (2001) glomoide spores called), which are so often terminally formed, terminal, sometimes they are also formed intercalary. The spores can be formed individually, in bundles or in sporocarpies . They differ genetically from other orders of the Glomeromycota : They have the ssu rRNA gene sequence YTRRY / 2-5 / RYYARGTYGNCARCTTCTTAGAGGGACTATCGGTGTYTAACCGRTGG, which corresponds to the homologous position 1353 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SSU rRNA sequence J01353.
Ecology and way of life
The mushrooms are almost always hypogean , i.e. H. growing in the soil, rarely also epigeous , i.e. growing on the soil surface. Always form a mycorrhiza - symbiosis with a variety of plant species. They supply the plants with nutrients (especially phosphorus) and water and, in turn, receive part of the assimilates produced by photosynthesis. Characteristically, they form so-called vesicles and arbuscules in the roots.
Systematics
Since the yoke truffle-like species have only a few morphological features to distinguish them, most of the species were included in the genus Glomus . Molecular biological methods have shown that the genus is polyphyletic . Now the species are divided into eight genera in two families:
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Jochtrüffelverwandte (Glomeraceae)
- Dominikia
- Funneliformis : formerlybelongingto Glomus , species of the clade around Glomus mosseae (Glomus Aa group)
- Glomus
- Kamienskia
- Rhizophagus : formerlybelongingto Glomus , species of the clade around Glomus intraradices (Glomus Ab group)
- Sclerocystis : basal species of the earlier Glomus Ab group
- Septoglomus
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Claroideoglomeraceae
- Claroideoglomus : former Glomus B group, ( Glomus claroideum clade)
swell
- Arthur Schüßler , Daniel Schwarzott, Christopher Walker, 2001. A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution. Mycol. Res. 105: 1413-1421. doi : 10.1017 / S0953756201005196
Individual evidence
- ↑ amf-phylogeny.com. Retrieved May 3, 2018 .