Johann Benjamin Erhard

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Johann Benjamin Erhard (born February 8, 1766 in Nuremberg , † November 28, 1827 in Berlin ) was a German political philosopher and doctor during the French Revolution .

Life

On the right of the people to revolution , first edition from 1795

The son of a Nuremberg craftsman was able to attend Latin school for a short time , and from the age of 11 to 22 he worked in his father's workshop as a disk puller and engraver ; He also read Christian Wolff and Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten , and since 1786 he has dealt with Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . He studied medicine in Würzburg from 1788 to 1790 . Erhard passed the medical doctoral examination in 1792, but could not practice in Nuremberg because he had not studied the required three years.

Erhard had married into a wealthy Nuremberg merchant family and was able to travel. In 1790/91 he came to Jena , where he studied philosophy with Carl Leonhard Reinhold and met the Carinthian Baron Franz Paul von Herbert , whom he visited twice in Klagenfurt . With Herbert, the poet Jens Immanuel Baggesen and the art theorist and draftsman Carl Ludwig Fernow he went on a trip to Italy in 1794. Erhard visited Kant in Königsberg and was friends or acquaintances with a number of important men on his first trip.

In 1797 Erhard received a high-value position as constitutional law theorist in Ansbach from the Prussian minister Karl August von Hardenberg , apparently supposed to justify the Prussian claims to Ansbach-Bayreuth. At the end of 1799 he went to Berlin, where he ran a profitable doctor's practice until his death.

In 1795 his main work On the Right of the People to a Revolution was published , which was banned in several German states.

Erhard was in Berlin with Rahel Varnhagen . Karl August Varnhagen von Ense published his correspondence after Erhard's death.

Works

  • About the right of the people to revolution. (1795) In: Johann Benjamin Erhard: About the right of the people to a revolution and other writings . Edited and with an afterword by Hellmut G. Haasis , Series Hanser , Munich 1970, pp. 7–98. (Online: digitized version ). Erhard's concept of the right to revolution was discussed by Antonio Negri (1958 and 1962).
  • Apology of the Devil (1795). In: Johann Benjamin Erhard: About the right of the people to a revolution. Edited by Hellmut G. Haasis, Munich, 1970, pp. 109-134. Reviewed by Friedrich Schlegel . The Apology was edited by Benedetto Croce in 1943 with comments
  • Considered the idea of ​​justice as a principle of legislation (1795). In: Horen, 7th piece. (Online: [1] ).
  • About the establishment and purpose of the higher educational institutions . Berlin 1802.

literature

  • Karl August Varnhagen von Ense: Memories of the philosopher and doctor Johann Benjamin Erhard , (= Selected Writings 15 and 16), 3rd edition, Leipzig 1874
  • Hellmut G. Haasis : Afterword etc. In: Johann Benjamin Erhard: About the right of the people to a revolution. 2nd edition, Munich, 1970, pp. 203-232 ( afterword ); 233-241 ( bibliography ); Pp. 243-269. ( Notes )
  • Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer: Correspondence with the Herbert and Erhard circle. Ed. V. Wilhelm Baum. Vienna 1995.
  • Wilhelm Baum : The Klagenfurt Herbert Circle between Enlightenment and Romanticism. In: Revue internationale de Philosophie 197, 1996, pp. 483-514.
  • Wilhelm Baum : Erhard, Johann Benjamin, in BBKL vol. 33 (2012) col. 408-412.
  • Dieter Henrich : Foundation from the self. Investigations into the prehistory of idealism, Tübingen – Jena 1790–1794. 2 vol. Frankfurt am Main 2004, vol. 2, pp. 1189-1392.
  • Harald Tausch: From Jena to Rome. Observations on the genesis of Fernow's understanding of science and art in the network of relationships between Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Johann Benjamin Erhard. In: Reinhard Wegner (ed.): Art as science. Carl Ludwig Fernow - a founder of art history . Göttingen 2005, pp. 11–59.
  • Arthur Richter:  Erhard, Johann Benjamin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 200 f.

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Benjamin Erhard  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ignaz Ježower : The Book of Dreams , 1928, p. 499.
  2. ↑ Erhard, 1970, p. 230, 267f.
  3. ↑ Erhard, 1970, pp. 230f., 269
personal data
SURNAME Erhard, Johann Benjamin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher in the age of the French Revolution
DATE OF BIRTH February 8, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Nuremberg
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1827
Place of death Berlin