Johann Carl Beauty

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Standing naked goddess with her head in profile, with her hand on the swan's neck, rests against a stone-like height. Behind Leda there are swans on a ridge. On base plate
Goddess Europe with a horse

Johann Carl Schönheit (* February 1730 in Meißen ; † May 27, 1805 there ) was a Saxon sculptor and porcelain modeler .

Life

Johann Carl Schönheit was born in February 1730 as the son of a machine assistant at the Meissen porcelain factory . At the age of 11, he received an apprenticeship as a molding apprentice in the factory. From 1747 he worked as a porcelain plasterer and later from 1764 he was employed as an embosser. From 1768 he was paid in piece wages and named as a member of the "White Corps" in a leading position. He learned and worked under Johann Joachim Kändler's leadership for over 20 years . He later also worked for Michel Victor Acier . His main task was the modeling and sculpting of the individual objects based on molds or drawings. From Acier he learned the perfect artistic form of plastic design and so he developed into a versatile sculptor and modeller. After Acier left, the modellers Johann Carl Schönheit, Christian Gottfried Jüchtzer and Johann Gottlieb Matthäi worked for the manufactory. Beauty and Jüchtzer were responsible for the sculptural design.

In addition to copying monumental works, he also made filigree figurines and narrow samples based on representations of antiquity in the sense of classicism . Since 1785, Jüchtzer has been placed on the same level as beauty, but unlike Kändler and Acier, both artists worked together and complemented each other for their own benefit.

In 1786, in collaboration with Jüchtzer, a seven-part series of Greek sacrificial children was created, in a small format standing on a simple square pin. Beauty used the Meissen bisque porcelain to sculpt his ancient figures of gods, groups of figures and busts . With his versatility he achieved the setting up of the Meissen porcelain busts in scholars' rooms and libraries instead of plaster or marble models. This form of miniature monuments reached the bourgeoisie and thus ensured a new high level of sales for the products of the Meissen porcelain factory.

With the figure group Amor and Psyche , Schönheit began to model and manufacture the figures in Meissen bisque porcelain based on models from the Dresden Sculpture Collection. This created a passion for collecting Meißner art lovers and all porcelain lovers worldwide. Beauty figures and groups of figures as well as model forms are still being produced and sold worldwide. On October 1, 1794, Schönheit received his retirement due to illness and he died on May 27, 1805 in Meissen.

Works (selection)

  • 1765: Figure of a riding hunter u., After plaster casts; Figure Two standing naked boys (with a bird or a bird farmer) .
  • 1767: Figure gardener
  • 1770: Figure German Bacchus .
  • 1772: Figure group The five senses (fashionably dressed girls seated at small tables); Group with a young, well-dressed girl and a peasant girl ; 2 groups of figures of lovers, bird setters and bird setters .
  • around 1772: Amor and Psyche Meissen; Porcelain collection Dresden .
  • around 1774: Figure of three small putti
  • around 1774: Louis-Seize style potpourrie vase .
  • around 1777: sculpture: L'école de l'amour - love school Meissen; Porcelain collection Dresden.
  • 1782: Figure group The Seasons (children's groups).
  • 1782: small busts of Mars, Neptune, Bacchus, Apollo, Jupiter
  • 1782: small busts of Homer, Amor with Mercury, Venus, Venus and Amor with nymph, Heraclitus, Sophocles, Socrates, Demosthenes and Hippocrates
  • 1783: Figure group Die Zeit ; Figures Greek Venus and Paris with the apple ; 2 groups of figures children with parrots ; Group of figures Two children with “Casket” ; Butter boxes in the shape of a hen and a rabbit
  • 1784: Figure group girls with rams ; Figure group boy with sheep ; Figure group: 2 vessels in the shape of children with sheep . Figure groups Leda with swan ; Jupiter with an eagle ; Apollo with lyre .
  • around 1784: Apollo sculpture , Dresden porcelain collection.
  • around 1785: Bacchante with an Italian drum , Dresden Porcelain Collection.
  • 1785: Figure group boy with goat , figure group The good father surrounded by his children ; Figure group Seven children's figures as a round group of the grape harvest and wine press .
  • 1786: Figure group of Greek victims children ; Figure group Hercules and Diadumene .
  • 1787: Groups of figures The noble delay ; The resolute choice ; Love and reward
  • 1788: Figure group Love and Forbearance , based on drawings by Johann Eleazar Schenau
  • 1788: Figure groups hunter with dog ; Huntress with greyhound
  • around 1789: chandelier sphinxes

literature

  • Karl Berling : Meissen porcelain and its history. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1900 ( digitized version ).
  • Willy Doenges : Meissner porcelain. Its history and artistic development. Marquardt, Berlin 1907, p. 152.
  • Beauty, Johann Carl . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 229 .
  • Otto Walcha: Meissen porcelain. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1973, ISBN 3-364-00012-3 .
  • Willi Goder: Johann Carl Beauty between Kaendler and Acier . In: Keramos 114, 1986, pp. 15-26.
  • Rainer Rückert: Biographical data of the Meißen manufacturers of the 18th century (catalogs of the Bavarian National Museum. Vol. 20; catalog of the Meissen porcelain collection Ernst Schneider Castle Lustheim, Oberschleissheim before Munich. Supplement). Bavarian National Museum, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-925058-13-3 , p. 128.
  • Pauline von Spee: The classicistic porcelain sculpture of the Meissen manufactory from 1764 to 1814. Dissertation University of Bonn 2004, pp. 87–98 ( digitized version ).
  • Katharina Herzog: Mythological small sculpture in Meissen porcelain 1710–1775. Dissertation University of Passau 2012, p. 26 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Johann Carl Schönheit  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Willy Doenges: Meissner porcelain. Its history and artistic development. Marquardt, Berlin 1907, p. 152.
  2. ↑ from Spee 2004, p. 92.
  3. ↑ von Spee 2004, p. 94
personal data
SURNAME Beauty, Johann Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sculptor and porcelain modeler
DATE OF BIRTH February 1730
PLACE OF BIRTH Meissen
DATE OF DEATH May 27, 1805
Place of death Meissen