Johann Daniel Heinbach

Johann Daniel Heinbach , also Haynbach (* 1694 in Marburg ; † September 1764 in Bremen ) was a German fireworker , draftsman and cartographer .

Heinbach's city map of Bremen from 1757

biography

Great Weser Bridge : Pen drawing from 1764

Heinbach's family is said to come from the Hessian village of Heimbach. He learned the trade of gardener. In Kassel he is said to have worked in horticultural facilities.

In 1727 he became an artilleryman ("Bombardier") and in 1734 "Fireworker" in the Bremen city military. Here, from 1730, he began to draw with great diligence "demolitions", i.e. topographical plans, especially of individual sections of the ramparts with the associated territories of the citizen companies . In 1734 the large-format city plan of Bremen followed, in 1748 he made a plan of Bremen and its land area, also dedicated this to the council, which granted him 40 thalers for this, but decided to “refrain from doing similar work”. Among his other city plans, the colored pen drawing from 1757 is particularly original and expressive because of its inclusion of the suburbs. Between 1743 and 1764 he also made many “prospectuses”, views of public buildings, churches, gates, bridges and fountains.

Heinbach's artistic and technical talent was limited, but the independence and richness of detail in the naive pen drawings not only give them an idiosyncratic charm, but also make them a reliable and often irreplaceable source of images. In his plans he attaches great importance to a bird's eye view of the street views; In the early citizen company plans, the house facades were even simply folded into the surface. They are mostly independent recordings, largely independent of older city maps. All are unique pieces drawn with pen on paper, in individual cases on parchment, never intended for printing .

Works (selection)

• Citizen company plans, 1730–1733
• Large plan of the city of Bremen, surrounded by several detailed views, 1734
• Plan of the garden by Joh.Oelrichs at the Heerdentor, 1742
• Bremen and its villages , plan of Bremen and the country area, 1748
• Ground plan of the ... City of Bremen with its suburbs ... ", 1757
• Prospect of the public and public fountains, 1760
• various collective and individual views of public buildings, 1743–64

Individual sheets can be found in the State Archives and in the State and University Library Bremen (war losses), a considerable part in the Focke-Museum Bremen.

proof

1. ↑ 145 × 120 cm, exhibited in the Focke Museum, inv. No. A.81
2. ↑ Fig. Above and http://gauss.suub.uni-bremen.de/suub/hist/index.jsp - ELIB Bremen
3. ↑ lost, formerly Bremen State Library. Fig. In: Water - On the history of drinking water supply in Bremen , Focke-Museum, Bremen 1988, pp. 54, 55, 132

literature

• Anna Meta Schütte: The pen drawings by Johann Daniel Heinbach (1694–1764). In: Yearbook of the Bremen Collections. 3rd volume, 1st half volume, 1910, pp. 13-21.
• Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . Volume 1: A - K. 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
• Herbert Black Forest: View of Bremen. Views, bird watching, city maps from 16. – 19. Century. Schünemann, Bremen 1985, ISBN 3-7961-1759-7 , passim.

Web links

Commons : Johann Daniel Heinbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files