Johann Helmann Jung

Johann Helmann Jung

Johann Helmann Jung (born March 9, 1734 in Kreuztal-Littfeld , † August 28, 1809 in Hilchenbach-Müsen ) was a German entrepreneur in the mining and metallurgical industry.

Life

Johann Helmann Jung's parents were Johann Heinrich Jung (1711–1786) and his wife Anna Eva geb. Schloos (1714-1774). As the Oranien-Nassau Oberbergmeister zu Littfeld, the father had made a special contribution to the Stahlberg mine near Müsen. In 1755 he built a new type of dewatering system there and installed the so-called “stairs” from the surface to the deepest tunnel. In addition, he worked successfully as a tradesman at several pits in the region around Littfeld and as the operator of a local hammer and a small file factory .

Johann Helmann Jung followed his father, like his younger brother Johann Heinrich (1740–1816), and was active in the mining industry . From 1761 to 1772 he was shift supervisor and administrator of the Burgholdinghäuser share of 52 Kuxen at the Stahlberg mine near Müsen. The Stahlberg mine was divided into 312 Kuxe, owned by six steelworks unions: the state-owned hut zum Lohn 55, the hut zu Burgholdinghausen 52, the hut zur Allenbach 54, the hut on the Dahlbruch 55, the lowest hut to Müsen 49 and the top one Hut to Müsen 47 Kuxe. These six smelters had the sole right to smelt the raw ores extracted from the steel mountain.

Johann Helmann Jung was appointed smelter commissioner for the trade union smelting operations while still working as a shift supervisor, and on August 6, 1770, he was appointed supervisor of the sovereign share of the Kuxen on the Stahlberg. Finally, on August 29, 1771, he was appointed assistant miner to his father Johann Heinrich Jung and accountant for the Müsen mining district. However, he came under suspicion that the Bergmeister accounts for the years 1772 to 1777 had irregularities. The superior Dillenburg Mining and Huts Commission then initiated an extensive investigation against him, the result of which for Helmann Jung can only be viewed as a conditional acquittal. The Dillenburg authorities acquitted him of the allegations only to the extent that he had not made the calculation errors intentionally, but only by mistake. Possibly this limited relief led to the fact that after the death of his father in 1786 he was not given the paternal position of chief miner, but was only promoted to mining commissioner with the corresponding privileges. In this position, Helmann Jung continued his father's work on the stairs on the Stahlberg mine in Müsen down to the deepest tunnel.

Johann Helmann Jung and his father had been running a small file factory in Müsen since 1778, which was abandoned after 1784. After the death of his father Johann Heinrich Jung, he successfully continued to run his mines and the Reckstahlhammer, which his father had built together with the adult children in 1772. The profits from the mine, but especially from the Reckhammer business, formed the financial basis for the entrepreneurial activities of the following generations of the Jung family. Together with his co-heirs, Johann Helmann Jung sold the Reckhammer in March 1792 for 1,150 Reichstaler to hammer master Martin Schleifenbaum from the Birlenbacher Hammer at the Birlenbacher Hütte in Birlenbach.

Marriage and children

Johann Helmann Jung married on May 19, 1758 in Hilchenbach-Grund with the daughter of the mountain master and magistrate Johann Jacob Meusborn (1701–1757) at Müsen Maria Christina, who was born on March 25, 1741 in Hilchenbach-Müsen and was there on March 23 January 1814 died. This marriage had eight children. Four of his sons followed their father and took up a mining and smelting profession. The youngest son, Johann Jacob Jung (1779–1847), initiated the later Hesse-Nassau Hüttenverein and established the Jung family's reputation as a successful mining company in the Dillenburg area with his economic activities. Johan Jacob Jung's older brothers - namely Johann Justus, Heinrich Wilhelm and Johann Heinrich - made a remarkable career in the lordly mountain and hut administration.

Johann Justus Jung

Johann Justus Jung (1763–1799) was appointed second miner for the Principality of Siegen after his time as assistant miner in 1786 and supported his father Helmann Jung in continuing work on the stairs in the Stahlberg mine. Johann Justus Jung advocated the introduction of the amalgamation process in the Müsen mining area in order to extract silver from the ores with the help of mercury using this technology, which has been tried and tested in South America since the 16th century. With this project, Johann Justus Jung was fully in the discussion that was held in international expert circles at the time, namely to apply the amalgamation process in the European mining districts as well. One of the most active advocates of this technology transfer from South America was the leading Austrian mining expert Ignaz Elder von Born (1742–1791), who, together with Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Treba (1740–1819), founded the “Society of Mining Science” in 1786 as the first international mining science society had founded.

Johann Justus Jung and his younger brother Heinrich Wilhelm founded the “Amalgamations = Societait” in July 1794 to build and operate the Rothenbach amalgamation hut above Müsen. The Jungfer mine union, after receiving a corresponding privilege from the Dillenburg Mining and Steelworks Commission, was supposed to take over the considerable financial expenses for these undertakings. However, there was a controversial discussion about the financing of this project within the union, in which the hut manager Susewind von der Lohehütte and brother-in-law of Johann Justus Jung, the hut manager Jung in Steinbrücken and the mountain master Jung zum Lohe were involved alongside other shareholders. At a trade union meeting in the spring of 1795, the union finally agreed that those trades that did not want to participate in this company would cede their privilege to the trades willing to build. These remaining trades, which mainly included the Jung and Susewind families, took over the construction and operation of the new hut “at their own risk, expense and account”. The hut later became the property of Johann Justus Jung's son-in-law Franz Jacob Schmitz from Keppel.

Johann Justus Jung married on August 6, 1790 in Kreuztal-Ferndorf the daughter of the manager Wilhelm August Susewind (1709–1784) of the Loher Hütte Charlotte Justine, who was born on August 28, 1761 in Kreuztal-Lohe and on June 11, 1841 died in Hilchenbach in the Keppel monastery. Johann Justus Jung died in Littfeld in August 1799 at the age of 36.

Heinrich Wilhelm Jung

Heinrich Wilhelm Jung (1771–1828) was the only son of Johann Helmann Jung who studied. He enrolled on May 4, 1792 at the University of Marburg under the serial number 72 as a metallurgy student: "Henricus Guillielemus Jung Sigena Nassoicus Oeconomiae metallicae Studiosus". The choice of Marburg as his place of study was certainly due to the fact that his uncle Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740–1817) had taught there as a professor of economics, camera and finance since 1787 and he probably also lived with him. Another roommate was the later President of the Province of Westphalia, Ludwig Freiherr von Finke (1774-1844), who studied law and camera science. Both planned a study trip for 1793 via Eger and Karlsbad to the mountain areas in Joachimsthal, Schemnitz and Freiberg. This study trip did not take place, however, and after completing his studies, Jung entered the service of the Principality of Siegen as a mining candidate. In 1799, in order to complete his specialist knowledge, he applied to the Dillenburg Mountain and Huts Commission for a scholarship for a study trip to the major mining regions of the Harz and the Saxon Ore Mountains. The Dillenburg authorities were only able to help him with a letter of recommendation to the mining authorities there due to lack of funds. Jung undertook this study trip from his own funds and was therefore limited to the Ore Mountains with the famous mountain town of Freiberg. He enrolled as the 538th student at the Bergakademie zu Freiberg and attended a few lectures in mineralogy and geognosy.

At the time, studying in Freiberg was associated with quite high financial expenditures, which only sons from the wealthy economic bourgeoisie or the nobility could afford. The annual maintenance costs for a student were between 306 and 383 thalers, depending on the lifestyle. In addition, there were about 380 thalers in fees for the lectures and 50 to 60 thalers in expenses for teaching materials, although these two items were spread over the three-year study period. The cost of a three-year course was around 1,478 thalers. In comparison, a Steiger in Saxony earned only around 270 thalers in three years.

Heinrich Wilhelm Jung broke off his studies after a short time for family reasons and returned to Müsen. In 1801 he was appointed as the successor of Johann Daniel Engels to the mountain master of the upper mountain area in the Principality of Siegen. Heinrich Wilhelm Jung retained this office after 1806 in the Grand Duchy of Berg, which was founded under French aegis, and after the French defeat in 1815 now in Siegerland, which was under Prussian rule.

After the early death of his older brother Johann Justus, Heinrich Wilhelm Jung continued the work on the stairs in Stahlberg and, under his supervision, work began in 1826 on a new, lower-lying tunnel, the later "Kronprinz-Friedrich-Wilhelm-Erbstollen" was driven from Ernsdorf. In addition to his role as miner, Heinrich Wilhelm Jung was also active in business. He was a partner in the Müsener Amalgamations Sozietät and was involved in the Kuhlenberg, Landeskrone Jungfer and Heinrichssegen mines.

Heinrich Wilhelm Jung married on May 5, 1799 in Dietzhölztal-Ebersbach the younger sister of the wife of his brother Johann Heinrich Luise Philippine, who was a daughter of the bailiff and procurator Carl Christian Becker (1742-1802). Luise Philippine Becker was born on January 21, 1775 in Dillenburg and died on October 6, 1816 in Hilchenbach-Winterbach. Heinrich Wilhelm Jung passed away on May 25, 1828 in Müsen.

Johann Heinrich Jung

Johann Heinrich (1761–1832) followed his uncle Johann Heinrich (1711–1786) to Dillenburg and made a career in the local mining administration. Since 1786, he has been the successor of the Prince of Orange-Nassau hut manager Johann Jost Wickel, who was responsible for the dominal ironworks and hammers in the Steinbrücker Revier: Eibelshäuser Hütte, Neuhütte bei Ebersbach, Steinbrücker Hammer and Teichhammer. His superior was the later mountain burr Johann Philipp Becher (1752–1831), who at the time was the real secretary of the Mining and Huts Commission in Dillenburg, and who in 1789 wrote “Mineralogical description of the Oranien-Nassauische Lande along with a story of Siegenchen Hütten- und Hammerwesens “presented a well-founded treatise on the mining industry.

Johann Heinrich Jung had been a member of the Mining and Steelworks Commission in Dillenburg since 1801 at the latest, which acted as the highest administrative authority for the mining industry in Nassau. In 1806, the rulership appointed Johann Heinrich Jung to the Princely Court Chamber Councilor because of his services to the ironworks, in which he had introduced numerous technical innovations, such as a new cylinder blower to increase the performance of the blast furnace or sulphurized lignite instead of charcoal. Johann Henrich Jung, like many of his colleagues, saw the economic development of the metal industry endangered as a result of a dramatic shortage of wood and pleaded for the use of lignite as a substitute for wood as a fuel: “The hardship, caused by a lack of wood, affects all metal factories between the Ruhr , the Rhine and the Lahn press more or less, will hopefully spur all thinking heads on and in the vicinity of the Westerwald - to increase the use of lignite in metal production. "

The well-known Prussian technologist as well as mining and smelting specialist Friedrich August Alexander Eversmann (1759–1837) praised him as an experienced smelter manager in 1804 after a tour of the Lahn region: “Eibelshausen and Ebersbach are under the supervision of a very respectable smelter, the smelter manager Joh. Heinr. Young; …. “Johann Heinrich Jung not only built the highest blast furnace in the Dillenburg area at the Eibelhäuser Hütte in 1791, but also experimented there with the use of desulphurised lignite instead of charcoal in blast furnace operation.

Johann Heinrich Jung retained his position as hut manager until his change in 1808 as a mountain ridge for the Nassau countries of the middle and lower Lahn; from 1812 he was responsible for the mining, smelting and hammer works in the upper mining district of Wiesbaden for the Usingen, Michelbach and Katzenelnbogen districts. After moving to the Usingen district in 1808, where he also took up residence, Johann Heinrich Jung sold his house with barn, garden and tree yard as well as meadows in stone bridges for the impressive sum of 2,000 Reichstalers. This clearly shows that he was quite a wealthy person for the circumstances at the time. In 1818 at the latest, he switched to the Runkel recipe as court chamber councilor, where he remained until he left active service until 1829/30.

Johann Heinrich Jung married on June 17, 1788 the daughter of the clerk and procurator Carl Christian Becker Agnes, who was born on November 7, 1757 in Dillenburg and died on August 30, 1814 in Usingen. Johann Heinrich Jung's successful life ended on May 27, 1832 in Herborn.

literature

• Friedrich August Alexander Eversmann : The iron and steel production on waterworks between Lahn and Lippe and in the present French departments , Dortmund 1804.
• Johann Phillip Becher: Mineralogical description of the Oranien = Nassauische Lande: together with a history of Siegen's smelting and hammering, Marburg 1789.
• Michael Fessner : The Young and Green Families , Kiel (2016).
• Rolf Golze: The mining and metallurgical industry in the northern Siegerland from its beginnings to 1790, unpublished manuscript, Hilchenbach December 2019.
• Gerhard Merk : chief miner Johann Heinrich Jung (1711–1786). A picture of life . Kreuztal 1989.

Remarks

1. ↑ Merk 1989, p. 54.Becher 1789, p. 969. Golze 2019.
2. ↑ Merk 1989, p. 44
3. ^ Dillenburg Intelligence = Nachrichten 1792, Col. 140
4. ^ Dillenburgische Intelligence-Nachrichten 1786, Sp. 679. Landesarchiv NRW, Dept. Westphalia, E 403, IE No. 15. This file in the Landesarchiv NRW Dept. Westphalia in Münster contains extensive correspondence and reports on the construction of the amalgamation plant.
5. ↑ Theodorvs Birt: natal avgvstissimi et potentissimi principis Gvilelmi II Imperatoris Regis from Academia Marpvrgensi the XXVII. M. Ianvarii anni MDCCCC hora XI oratione invniversitatis avla habenda celebrandvm / indicit Theodorvs Birt; Inest Aegidii Hunnii Ruth comoedia: (acta Marpurgi, edita Francofurti a. 1586) . Marburg 1900, p. 442 .
6. ^ Dillenburg Intelligence News . 1801, p. Sp. 453 .
7. ^ Festschrift for the centenary of the royal family. Saxon. Bergakademie zu Freiberg on July 30, 1866 . Dresden 1866, p. 239 .
8. ↑ 250 years of the Technical University of Bergakademie Freiberg | CoinsWeekly. Accessed December 14, 2019 (German). 
9. ^ Dillenburg intelligence = news . 1801, p. Sp. 453 .
10. ↑ Landesarchiv NRW, Dept. Westphalia, E 403, IE No. 15 .
11. ↑ Johann Philipp Becher : Mineralogical description of the Oranien = Nassauischen Lands together with a history of the Siegen smelting = and hammering . Marburg 1789.
12. ↑ Joh. Henr. Jung: Inquiry. Which structure of room stoves is the best for firing with brown coal or bituminous wood , in: Dillenburgische Intellektiven-Nachrichten 1804, Sp. 521-525, Sp. 522.
13. ↑ Eversmann 1804, p. 58
14. ^ State and address calendar of the Duchy of Nassau, Wiesbaden 1812, p. 127. Ibid. 1813, p. 125
15. ↑ Dillenburg Intelligence News 1808, Col. 517.
16. ^ State and address manual of the Duchy of Nassau, 1818, p. 154; 1819, p. 220; 1821, p. 151; 1823, p. 151; 1828, p. 119; 1829, p. 119 and 1830/31.
17. ↑ Fessner 2016, pp. 42–45.