Johann Heinrich Jung (mountain master)
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Johann Heinrich Jung (* February 1711 in Grund , Principality of Nassau-Siegen , † February 27, 1786 in Littfeld ) was a German chief miner and industrial pioneer in Orange-Nassau.
Life
Johann Heinrich Jung was baptized on February 22nd, 1711 in the Reformed parish church in Hilchenbach. The exact birthday is unknown and is likely to be the week before. He was the first-born child of the married couple Johann Eberhard Jung (1680–1751) and Margarethe Jung b. Helmes (1686-1765). His brother Johann Helmann Jung was born in 1716. This later became the father of Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740-1817), Johann Heinrich Jung became his godfather . JH Jung started school in his home village of Grund when he was 6 years old. This was mainly a "winter school", from the end of April to September the children had to work in the house and yard. In 1717, all children between the ages of six and ten in the house of the Principality of Nassau-Siegen were required to attend school. JH could not attend a secondary Latin school because he was needed at home for work. The parents could neither pay the school fee nor the cost of books. According to Merk (see literature), the noticeable accumulation of the first name “Johann” is related to the sovereignty. The Siegen regents passed this first name on through the centuries.
Professional beginnings
After finishing school, Johann Heinrich Jung became a charcoal maker with his father and learned the trade from scratch. In addition to his job, JH devoted himself mainly to reading books on astronomy, mechanics and mathematics. The rent master of the Keppel monastery , Johannes Aurand , gave the boy free math lessons. In the evening after working in the forest, JH walked the hour-long walk to Allenbach and returned to his parents' house around midnight.
In 1726, JH Jung was elected teacher by the farmers in the neighboring community of Lützel . As a teacher, JH Jung had the particular opportunity to continue his studies. He started to turn and made a. a. a wooden watch that showed the technical and mechanical talent of guys.
In the following year the home parish of Grund also chose JH Jung as a teacher. He continued his mechanical work and also made wooden spinning wheels and tubes to order. One of his self-made clocks showed not only the time but also the change of moon, the date and the position of important stars. Most of the tools he needed to do this were also manufactured by himself. He also studied surveying .
In 1729 the Littfeld community elected him schoolmaster . JH Jung was fully committed to the education of the children, but also found time for his studies and for manual work, whereby the sale of his woodturning work earned him a substantial extra income.
Since Littfeld was characterized by mining at that time , JH Jung also switched to the art of mine cutting . Mine sheaths is the name given to the surveying and calculation of the pits underground, with the mine separator having the task of determining the places where weather shafts are to be driven into the mountain. The profitability of a mine depends particularly on the accuracy of the calculation. JH Jung soon enjoyed an excellent reputation as he was able to draw gait maps down to the centimeter and determine the points he was looking for, building his own tools. Gradually, Jung developed into an expert in metal and stone science.
Family education
At the end of May 1733, JH Jung married Anna Eva Schlooß (1714–1744) from Littfeld, who was three years his junior . They had a total of 6 children, 3 daughters and 3 sons, u. a. Helmann, later mountain master and hut inspector at Müsen. He married Maria Christine, the daughter of the former miner Meußborn zu Müsen. The two were the parents of Johann Jakob Jung , the founder of the Hessen-Nassausischer Hüttenverein , see his grandson Commerzienrat Gustav Jung . JH Jung built his own house in 1764 on a piece of land from his wife's dowry. Today it is a listed building and is still inhabited by his descendants. Mallets and irons and the inscription "JHJ 1764" characterize the half-timbered building to this day.
Surveying and mining activities
As early as 1745, JH Jung appeared as a surveyor from the Electorate of Cologne in a warehouse book of Baron von Fürstenberg, he took over the surveying of the Fürstenberg lands . With a contract dated March 31, 1754, he was given the task of surveying the County of Mark ; the work dragged on until 1756. From 1760 JH Jung handed over the land knife trade to his brother Johann Helmann. He himself was only active in this area in exceptional cases.
At the instigation of JH Jung, a trade union (“Association of persons for the joint operation of a mine”) was founded at the responsible district court in Krombach as early as 1737 . 128 Kuxe were issued. On August 10, 1737, work in an abandoned pit ("places") was resumed. JH Jung designs u. a. a water lifting system and a hoisting machine especially for this pit. In gratitude to JH Jung, his descendants renamed the mine “ Heinrichssegen ” in 1820 . Until 1918 ore promoted until 1927, the promotion of its affiliated pit Victoria .
In 1755, in the Stahlberg mine near Müsen , JH Jung replaced a hand-driven reel with a water- driven winch . This ran smoothly until the breakthrough of the Müsener Erbstollen in 1780. Likewise, a water lifting machine invented and built by Jung for the “Stahlberg” mine.
Another special feature of the “Stahlberg” mine was designed and built by JH Jung: a “staircase” that provides easy access through all floors of the mine. These stairs reached both down to the deepest passage and up to the step from the mountain.
Further construction activities
- 1758/1759 : Construction of an ore mill near Littfeld to process ore
- Construction of a sawing machine for the mines' high demand for wood
- Construction of an ore smelter in Littfeld
- Construction of a windmill on a mine near Olpe
- Construction of a horizontal hammer near Littfeld for the production of flat iron
- Establishment of a file factory near Müsen (approx. 1770)
- Construction of a water-powered pumping machine for the Victoria Pit in 1779 and 1780
In 1757 Jung was appointed mountain master. In addition, the trained Koehler surveyor, surveyor, mechanic, engineer, mining and smelting expert and entrepreneur all rolled into one. Nevertheless, he found time to devote himself to observing the celestial bodies from 1779, for which he invented an astronomical display device that shows the changes in the most important stars. Because of the great services he had earned in mining, he was appointed head miner in 1785.
Death and memory
Jung died of colic in 1786; others say after a riding accident. He was born on February 28th. J. buried in the cemetery in Krombach, his grave is still in front of the entrance of the Protestant church. In Littfeld, both a street and the primary school are named after him.
See also
literature
- Siegensches yearbook for miners and smelters, 1808
- By Kindelsberg and Martinshardt on the tri-centenary celebration of the Evangelical Congregation Müssen, 1927, page 353
- Gerhard Merk: Jung-Stilling-Lexikon Wirtschaft , 1987
- Gerhard Merk: Oberbergmeister Johann Heinrich Jung - A picture of life, Die wielandschmiede publishing house , Kreuztal 1989, ISBN 3-925498-32-X
- Karl Friedrich Schenck: Statistics of the former Principality of Siegen , Siegen (Vorländer) 1820, Reprint Kreuztal (publisher die wielandschmiede) 1981
- Johann Jung-Stilling: Johann Jung. A biography (Johann Jung-Stilling: Small collected writings Bd. II, Frankfurt 1806-1808)
- Martin Vormberg: The hunting districts of Schloss Adolfsburg. Historical views of the town and landscape elements in the South Sauerland around 1743/44. Kirchhundem 2013
Other sources
- Lower monument authority of the city of Kreuztal
- Archive of the city of Kreuztal
Individual evidence
- ↑ Genealogical homepage of the family Peter u. Erika Vogel, Bremen ( Memento from December 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Martin Vormberg: The Jagbezirke Castle Adolf castle. Historical views of the town and landscape elements in the South Sauerland around 1743/44. Kirchhundem 2013. p. 10
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jung, Johann Heinrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bergmeister and industrial pioneer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 1711 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hilchenbach , Siegerland |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 27, 1786 |
| Place of death | Littfeld , Siegerland |