Stahlberg mine
| Stahlberg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| Funding / total | 2.1 million tons of iron ore | ||
| Rare minerals | Cobaltite , dolomite , linneit , millerite , ullmannite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 360 (around 1860) | ||
| Start of operation | May 4, 1313 | ||
| End of operation | March 31, 1931 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Iron ore , ( copper ore ) | ||
| Greatest depth | 669.6 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 59 '32 " N , 8 ° 1' 35" E | ||
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| Location | Have to | ||
| local community | Hilchenbach | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Siegen-Wittgenstein | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Mountain area Müsen | ||
The pit Stahlberg was an iron ore mine in the area of Hilchenbach hamlet Müsen . It was probably the oldest mine in the entire Siegerland , but without any documentary evidence. It was proven to be the oldest iron ore mine in the area.
Vein resources and ore deposits
The ore deposit of the Stahlberg is the Stahlberger Stock , a mighty Spateisenstein deposit . It comes to light on the Stahlberg and was first extracted here in the opencast mine , then tracked with shafts as far as was technically possible. The mountain is named after the quality of the iron that could be made from this ore , the Spateisenstein ("steel stone ").
In the uppermost soles of the floor there were eight worthy ruins. Three of them were approx. 145 m long and 12–55 m thick. At the bottom of the Erbstollen , the length decreased to 60 m and the thickness decreased to 12–27 m. At a depth of 146 m , the corridor was only 25 m long and 3-4 m thick. The Heinrich Wilhelm corridor was 55 m long, 6–12 m thick and mainly led to Spateisenstein. In the Carolinen Gang , in addition to Spateisenstein, copper and pale ores came in 50 m length . The St. Friedrich & Bräser corridors also led 1–1.5 m thick lead ore . Clay , greywacke and greywacke slate appeared as the side rock .
history
The pit was first mentioned in a document on May 4, 1313. It is documented that it is one of the oldest in the Siegerland. In 1611 the Molzekuhler tunnel was created. In 1631 the eleven small pits on Stahlberg merged to form the Müsener Stahlberg union . This consolidation was approved by a count's edict on May 1, 1648. The pit was divided into 312 kuxe which were owned by the local smelters. The Loher Rohstahlhütte owned 55 Kuxe , the Burgholdinghausener Hütte 52 Kuxe, the Allenbacher Hütte 54 Kuxe, the Dahlbrucher Hütte 55 Kuxe and the two Müsener Hütten 49 and 47 Kuxe. These huts had the sole right to smelt the iron ore from the Müsen mines in order to produce good steel from it. In 1836 the Dahlbrucher Hütte owned 82 Kuxe and the two Müsener Hütten together 123 Kuxe. Between 1740 and June 5, 1780, in the village of Müsen der Tief, the Müsener adit was created as an hereditary tunnel for drainage , as mining was becoming more and more deep. Until the middle of the 18th century, ore was extracted via two driving shafts and baskets with a capacity of approx. 115 kg. Only then was it started to dismantle the storeys. 10 floors with a height of 10–12 m were created above the Stahlberger Erbstollen. From 1826 the construction of the Kronprinz-Friedrich-Wilhelm-Erbstollen began in Kreuztal . This hit the Stahlberger shaft at a depth of 144 m. Until the beginning of the 19th century, due to the old age, there were no fixed mine field boundaries. This only changed after the Siegerland became Prussian . The Stahlberg mine field was awarded on November 26, 1827. Consolidations took place on October 22, 1825 and June 26, 1880 . 100 years was hydropower for promoting utilized. Ore was mined by dogs (wagons) from 1840 through the Stahlberger Erbstollen. From 1855 the newly built steam engine was used to mine. This was the second in Siegerland after the steam engine from the Landeskrone mine near Wilden . At the end of the 19th century, 5/6 of the Kuxe des Stahlbergs were in the hands of the Cologne-Müsen Mining Association. He had acquired the state shares in 1856. 1/6 of the Kuxe owned the Count of Fürstenberg-Hedringen. In 1905 a new ore vein was approached on the 300 m level. During the First World War , a new shaft system ("shaft II") with modern extraction and roasting systems was set up; from 1919 the systems were used. From October 25, 1923 there was a temporary shutdown due to the global economic crisis. At that time, 200 miners were working in the pit. In 1929 the 660 m level was reached. The ore was brought to the Dahlbruch train station via a narrow-gauge railway. The Rothenbacher Metallhütte, the Müsener Stahlhütte and the Wilder Mann mine were also connected to this railway .
The total depth was 660 meters , up to 360 staff members worked in the pit, the last 152 workers and four employees. The Stahlberg mine was closed on March 31, 1931 .
stollen
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Kniggelwegger upper gallery ,
before 1885 - Old tunnel
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Molzekuhler Upper Stollen , * 1611; before 1885
- Müsener Stollen (Stahlberger Erbstollen), 1740 to June 5, 1780, length: 1144.5 meters
- Tiefer Stahlberger Erbstollen , * 1789
- Kronprinz-Friedrich-Wilhelm-Erbstollen , built from 1825 to 1875 near Ernsdorf , length: 4000 meters
Shafts
- new colliery shaft (before 1611)
- Oven shaft (before 1611)
- Brasser shaft (before 1611)
- Hassen-Schacht (before 1611)
- Sürkesberger shaft (before 1611)
- Lammer shaft (before 1611)
- Layer pit , depth: 30–40 m
- St. Friedrich , * 1755. It was 2 x 4 meters in size and was not backfilled after it was closed .
- Stahlberger Schacht , * 1708, depth: 312.2 m
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Shaft II , * between 1916 and 1918; 1925, reached a depth of 669.6 meters.
advancement
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In the years 1780–87, almost 1,240 t of iron stone were mined. In 1836 alone the production was already 4,192 t. This rate rose continuously until the early 1870s, but fell to only 1,476 t by 1885. This production rate remained until new ore reserves were developed. After the exploration, the largest annual production of the mine was reached in 1930 with almost 62,000 t of Spateisenstein. Up until the closure in 1931, almost 2.1 million t of raw ore had been extracted.
While only 1,816 t of metal ore were extracted in the 1876/77 financial year, this number rose to 5,859 t one year later and again to 18,072 t one year later. Around 1900, 3,946 t of zinc blende , 452 t of galena and 173 t of copper ore were mined; this number sank to zero by the end of the First World War.
From 100 kg of lead ore, 60–80 g of silver and up to 73% lead could be obtained. The same amount of copper pyrites only contained up to 30% copper, while 100 kg of pale ore contained almost 980 g of silver.
Consolidation pits
The following pits were created in the area of the Stahlberg mine or connected to the mine:
- Hermannberg , * 1611
- On the high pit , * 1463, from 1611 Hochgrube
- Air pit 1611 *, even mine pit called
- New colliery , * 1611
- Sürkesberg , * 1611
See also
literature
- O. Brückel: The Stahlberg mine and the Jung family - a mountain master dynasty from the Müsener Revier , Siegerland 2000
- Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: Stahlberg, Hollertszug and Eisenzeche - From collieries and mines of the Siegerland , Verlag Höppner & Göttert, Siegen 1997. ISBN 3-924948-45-3
- Wilhelm Müller-Müsen: I gave you my iron for probably a thousand years , published by the Müsen cultural association in 1979
- Mathias Döring: Iron and Silver - Water and Forest , 1999
Individual evidence
- ^ A b T. Hundt, G. Gerlach, F. Roth, W. Schmidt: Description of the mountain areas Siegen I, Siegen II, Burbach & Müsen ; Bonn 1887
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l F. M. Simmersbach: History of the Siegerland mining industry, Bochum / Berlin 1881 (PDF; 243 kB)
- ^ A b Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: Der Füssenberg - The great time of the Siegerland iron ore mining , Bertelsmann Fachzeitschriften-Verlag Gütersloh, 1994.
Web links
- www.stahlbergmuseum.de
- Short film inspection of old mining 13th century mining archaeological investigations 2014 by LWL-Aräologie für Westfalen, research area mining archeology of the German Mining Museum Bochum (DBM) and Altenberg & Stahlberg eV Müsen, accessed on November 5, 2014.
- Kindelsberg path. Station 8: Stahlberg mine. City of Kreuztal, archived from the original on March 6, 2008 ; Retrieved September 3, 2014 .