Ullmannite
| Ullmannite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
|
| chemical formula | NiSbS |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulphides |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
2.EB.25 ( 8th edition : II / D.18) 02.12.03.03 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | tetrahedral-pentagon-dodecahedral; 23 |
| Space group | P 2 1 3 (No. 198) |
| Lattice parameters | a = 5.886 Å |
| Formula units | Z = 4 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | 6.2-6.5 g / cm 3 |
| Cleavage | good after {100} |
| Break ; Tenacity | uneven |
| colour | silver-white, lead-gray to steel-gray, black or colored |
| Line color | grey black |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Ullmannit also outdated as antimony nickel gloss or -kies , Nick Elan Timo gloss or -kies or Nickelspießglaserz known is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts " with the chemical composition NiSbS and chemically seen a nickel - antimony sulfide.
Ullmannite crystallizes in the cubic crystal system and mostly develops combinations of cubic crystals and penetrating twins, but also occurs in the form of coarse mineral aggregates . Fresh ullmanite samples are silver-white or lead-gray to steel-gray in color, which turn black or colored after a while in the air.
Ullmannite forms a mixed crystal row with willyamite , which contains cobalt.
Etymology and history
Ullmannite was first found in 1843 in the Storch & Schöneberg mine in Gosenbach in Siegerland and described by Julius Fröbel , who named the mineral after Johann Christoph Ullmann (1771–1821).
classification
In the old systematics of minerals according to Strunz (8th edition) the ullmannite was still inaccurately classified in the section "Sulphides with the molar ratio of metal: sulfur, selenium, tellurium <1: 1", where it was sorted together with cobaltite , gersdorffite , hollingworthite , Irarsit , Jolliffeit , Kalungait , Milotait , Platarsit , Tolovkit and Willyamit the Cobaltitgruppe formed.
Since the 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, the mineral has belonged to the department of “Metal sulfides with M: S ≤ 1: 2” and there to the subdivision with the exact molar ratio “Metal: sulfur = 1: 2, with Fe, Co, Ni , PGE, etc. ".
The systematics of minerals according to Dana also assigns the ullmannite to the class of sulphides and there into the " cobaltite group (cubic or pseudocubic crystals) " within the division of "sulphides - including selenides and tellurides - with the composition Am Bn Xp, with (m + n): p = 1: 2 ".
Crystal structure
Ullmannite crystallizes in the cubic crystal system in the space group P 2 1 3 (space group no. 198) with the lattice parameter a = 5.886 Å and four formula units per unit cell .
properties
In front of the blowtorch , Ullmannit shows a bluish-white flame as a reaction of the antimony . Aqua regia turns green when the mineral dissolves.
Modifications and varieties
The variety Kallilith, which is assigned to Ullmannite, is actually a mixture of bismuthhinite , hauchecornite , millerite and ullmannite, which was first found in the Friedrich mine .
As Korynit an iron and arsenic variety of Ullmannit, but also antimony or arsenic variety of Gersdorffit referred.
Education and Locations
Ullmannit formed by hydrothermal processes in nickel-rich ore - courses . Accompanying minerals include chalcopyrite , dyscrasite , gersdorffite , galena , nickeline , pentlandite , pyrrhotite and tetrahedral .
As a rather rare mineral formation, Ullmannite can sometimes be abundant at various sites, but overall it is not very common. Around 300 sites are known to date (as of 2015). In addition to its type locality , the Storch & Schöneberg mine, the mineral also appeared in Germany in the Tannenboden mine near Wieden in Baden-Württemberg; the ore mines at Lichtenberg and Lam (Fürstenzeche) in Bavaria; on the Bangertshöhe near Hochstädten (Bensheim) in Hesse; in the Am Heimberg quarry near Wolfshagen in the Harz Mountains and in the Roter Bär mine near Sankt Andreasberg in Lower Saxony; in the Lüderich mine in the Bensberg ore district, the Klappertshardt mine near Hummerzheim , the Aurora and Dörnberg mines near Ramsbeck in the Sauerland in North Rhine-Westphalia; in many other pits in Siegerland and the Eifel from North Rhine-Westphalia to Rhineland-Palatinate; in the Reimersgrün quarry near Limbach and the Hoff auf Gott mine near Bösenbrunn in Vogtland in Saxony as well as near Ronneburg , Tännig ( Bad Lobenstein ) and Kamsdorf in Thuringia.
In Austria, Ullmannite was found in the Hüttenberger Erzberg in Carinthia, near Schwemmberg ( Radstadt ) and Mitterberg ( Mühlbach am Hochkönig ) in Salzburg, at some small sites in Styria and in the gold mines near Hainzenberg and Zell am Ziller in Tyrol.
In Switzerland, the mineral is known so far only from rock samples that were extracted during the construction of the Gotthard tunnel near Göschenen and during the construction of the Furka base tunnel near Realp in the canton of Uri, as well as from the Plantorin mine in the municipality of Ayer and on the Küferalp in Illgraben im Canton of Valais.
Worth mentioning due to the unusual ullmannite finds is an unnamed mine on Monte Narba near Sarrabus-Gerrei on the Italian island of Sardinia , in which crystals up to two centimeters in diameter emerged. At least one centimeter large crystals were discovered near Kšice in the Czech Republic.
Other locations include Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, China, Finland, France, Ghana, India, Ireland, Japan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Luxembourg, Morocco, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia , Sweden, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, Tanzania, Uzbekistan, the United Kingdom (England, Wales) and the United States of America (Alaska, Colorado, Nevada).
See also
literature
- Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . 16th edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 461 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Ullmannite (Wiki)
- Mineral data sheet - Ullmannite (English, PDF 104.3 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Webmineral - Ullmannite (English)
- ↑ a b c American Mineralogist Structure Database - Ullmannite (English, 1977)
- ↑ Julius Froebel : Order: True pyritoïden. 1st guild: Isometric pyriteids. 3rd family: Pyritees. 7. Ullmannit (Nickel Spiessglanz von Eisern und Freusburg) (PDF; 221 kB), in: Grundzüge einer System der Krystallologie , Druck und Winterthur Zürich (1843), pp. 42–50
- ↑ Mindat - Ullmannite (English)
- ↑ Mindat - Kallilith
- ↑ Old mineral names and synonyms (PDF 2.65 MB)
- ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Ullmannite
- ↑ a b c d Find location list for Ullmannite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat
- ↑ Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Mineral Encyclopedia . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 46 ( Dörfler Natur ).