Mountain area Müsen
The Bergrevier Müsen (or Müsener Revier ) was an administrative district of the Bergamt Siegen, dissolved in 1861, with administration in the Hilchenbach district of Müsen . The area around Müsen, with dozens of mines and several huts, was one of the centers in the Siegerland ore district .
expansion
The Müsen mountain area extended over 324.7 km² far beyond the borders of Müsens to the southeast of the Siegerland. This included the former offices of Ferndorf , Keppel and Netphen as well as the non-governmental city of Hilchenbach . The area corresponds to today's cities Hilchenbach and Kreuztal , with the exception of Oberhees and Mittelhees , which belonged to the Freudenberg district and the city of Netphen , the towns of Flammersbach , Anzhausen , Rudersdorf and Gernsdorf , which are now part of Wilnsdorf , and the Siegen districts of Buchen , Breitenbach , Feuersbach , Obersetzen and Sit down .
History of the Müsen district
During the construction of the village well in Müsen in 1960, the remains of racing ovens were found in the parish meadow. These come from the Celtic times and were used to smelt iron . Through slag finds, the Celts also found racing furnaces for the smelting of iron in the Zitzenbach, as well as evidence of non-ferrous metal smelting for lead and copper in the Rothenbach. The " mining settlement Altenberg " was documented by excavations in the 13th century. In 1465 various pits from Müsen were mentioned, including the "Hochgrube". All of the pits from Ferndorf were first mentioned in 1529 , including the “ Glücksanfang ” pit . The first mention and description of the “ Altenberg ” mine near Müsen dates back to 1587 , the evidence of which appears from 1700 onwards. From 1830 there are statistics on the production rates and the workforce in the pits. In 1836, 79 mines were in operation, and a total of 317 miners were employed. The iron ore production was 2,200 tons, the non-ferrous metal production 757 tons.
The last remaining powder house in the old federal states is in Müsen . The house, built in 1817, served as a warehouse for the gunpowder from the Müsener pits. The house is located near the machine shafts of the “ Stahlberg ” mine (first mentioned on May 4, 1313) and the dumps of the “ Wilder Mann ” mine . It is maintained by the “Stahlberg und Altenberg eV” association and served as a hiking hut. The association also looks after the “Stahlbergmuseum”, in which the history of mining in the region in the 18th and 19th centuries is presented. It is housed in the Prayer House of the Pit, which was built in 1846. Until it was dissolved in 1861, the mining area was under the control of the Siegen mining authority. The mountain area itself was dissolved in 1933.
The “Stahlberger Erbstollen” has been used as a visitor mine since 1974 , with a length of 380 meters visitors can gain an insight into the interior of a mine.
Pits
In addition to the mines in and around Müsen, there are also a few more or less small pits in the Müsen mining area that were outside of the local area. The largest of these was the “ Schnellenberg ” mine near Beienbach , others were, for example, “Jakobus” near Helgersdorf or “Friedericke” near Ruckersfeld . The others were relevant for the respective location, but not for the development of mining in the region. Most of the pits were in the vicinity of Müsen. These included places such as Burgholdinghausen , Littfeld or Ferndorf.
There were over 50 mines in the Müsen district around the town of Müsen. In 1880 there were 130 pits in the entire mining area.
pit | District | Aisle means | First mention | Minerals | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abraham | Have to | Wild man | 1st Mar 1837 | ||
Eagle | Have to | Eagle gear | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Altenberg (= "St. John") | Burgholdinghausen | Altenberger Gang | Jan. 2, 1571 | Pb , Ag | 1914 |
On the Hohen Grube (from 1611 "Hochgrube") | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1463 | Fe | to "Stahlberg" |
On the Mertinshardt | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1463 | Fe | |
Mine in Deep Soap | Have to | Deep valley | 1722 | Cu , Ag | |
Black grouse | Have to | Black grouse in the deep valley | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Birnbaumer Zech | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1548 | Fe | Erbstollen |
Fractions | Have to | Broken gear | 1722 | Fe, Cu, Pb | 1941 |
Christof | Littfeld / Müsen | On the Kindelsberg | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Start of happiness | Müsen / Ferndorf | Wild man | 1529 | Pb, Ag | to "Wilder Mann" |
Lucky Haven | Littfeld / Müsen | On the Kindelsberg | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
God's blessing | Littfeld / Müsen | Aisle God blessing Kindelsberg | 1722 | ||
Hartenberg | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | |
Haselgrube ("On the Haselgruben") | Have to | Broken gear | 1463 | Fe | from 1466 Berg Dahlbruch |
Heinrichssegen (formerly "places") | Littfeld | 1663 | Fe | to "Victoria" | |
Hermannsberg ("Alter Hermannsberg" and "Neuer Hermannsberg") | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | to "Stahlberg" |
Hermen Hail | Have to | 1463 | Fe | from 1467 "Hemmelhole" | |
Hollöler | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | |
Hollweger ("Holzgruber Schacht") | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | |
Young man | Müsen / Ferndorf | Wild man | 28 Feb 1835 | Fe? | to "Wilder Mann", |
Maid | Have to | Wild man / maid | 1722 | Fe | |
Kuhlenberg | Have to | Kuhlenberger Gang | 1789 | Fe | to "Wilder Mann" |
State Welfare | Have to | State welfare gang | 1785 | Pb | |
Air pit ("colliery pit") | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | to "Stahlberg" |
Mittelzeche | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | |
Middle Sonnenberger tunnel | Have to | Sonnenberg | 1450 | Fe, Pb, Ag | |
Molzekuhler tunnel | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe? | to "Stahlberg" |
Müsener Stahlberg | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1608 | Fe, Cu | to "Stahlberg" |
Nakeborn's tunnel | Have to | Schwabengrube | 1500 | Pb, Ag | |
New colliery | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | to "Stahlberg" |
Nimrod | Have to | Oct 9, 1856 | Fe? | to "Wilder Mann" | |
Prince Friedrich ("On the Braasen") | Have to | Prince Friedrich Gang | 1722 | Cu, Ag | |
Prince Wilhelm | Have to | Ziegenberg, Prince Friedrich Gang | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Regina | Have to | Wild man | 1789 | Pb, Ag | to "Wilder Mann" |
Regulus | Have to | Sep 1 1856 | Fe? | to "Wilder Mann", "Victoria" | |
Saturnus | Have to | Walk in the deep valley | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Schwabenkuhl ("Saxon Train") | Have to | Schwabengrube | 1764 | Fe, Cu, Pb, Ag | |
Silberart ("Trippler Stollen") | Have to | Silver hard gear | 1738 | Pb, Ag | |
Sonnenberg | Have to | Sonnenberg | Jan. 3, 1837 | Fe, Pb, Ag | 1911 on "Wilder Mann" |
Stahlberg | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1079 (first documented mention May 4, 1313) | Fe, Cu | March 31, 1931 |
Stenberge to muses | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1313 | Fe | |
Boots | Have to | Later Caroline | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
Stollen (name unknown) | Littfeld / Müsen | Victoria corridor | 1350 | Pb, Ag | |
Stollen Unexpected blessing | Have to | Gang Unexpected blessing | 1350 | Pb, Ag | |
Stud wolf | Have to | Gang wolf | 1350 | Pb, Ag | |
stocking | Müsen / Littfeld | Gear stocking | 1789 | Pb, Ag | |
St. Martin | Have to | 23 Sep 1858 | to "Wilder Mann" | ||
Sürkesberg | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | to "Stahlberg" |
Tiefenthal | Have to | 23 Sep 1858 | to "Altenberg" | ||
Victoria | Littfeld / Burgholdinghausen | Victoria corridor | 1663 | Pb, Ag, Zn | December 31, 1927 |
Water mountain | Have to | Stahlberger Stock | 1611 | Fe | |
Wild woman | Have to | 1897 | 1912 | ||
Wild man | Have to | Wild man | 1717 | 1897 to "Altenberg" | |
Wild man Erbstollen | Have to | Wild man / maid gang | 1717 | 1897 to "Altenberg" | |
Wilhelmine | Have to | 1789 | Pb, Ag |
Note: The most important pits are marked in bold. The date refers to the first mention, dismantling may have taken place earlier.
Metal works
In addition to the many mines , there were several metal works in and around Müsen in which the ore was melted down and processed. The iron ore from the Stahlberg mine was the only one in Siegerland that could be processed directly into steel . Therefore, in addition to the ironworks, there were also steelworks that produced the coveted Müsener steel. These huts existed in and around Müsen (the year they were first mentioned in brackets):
- "Aher Hütte" ( Ferndorf ), (1319)
- "Allenbacher Hütte" ( Allenbach ), steel hut (1417–1821), the hut was destroyed in a fire in 1781 and rebuilt.
- "Breitenbacher Hütte" (Breitenbachtal), ironworks (1566)
- "Burgholdinghauser Stahlhütte" ( Burgholdinghausen ), steel hut (1589)
- "Dahlbrucher Stahlhütte" ( Dahlbruch ), steelworks (1471)
- "Ernsdorfer Kupferhütte", metal works (1525)
- "Ferndorfer Kupferhütte" (Ferndorf / Zitzenbach), metalworks (1502)
- "Hermannshütte in the Winterbach", ironworks (1463)
- "Hut zu Müsen" (possibly "Lower Steel Hut"), Steel Hut (1463)
- "Kupferhütte zu Müsen", metal works (1707)
- "Loher Metallhütte" ( Kredenbach ), metalworks (1489)
- "Loher Stahlhütte" (Kredenbach), steelworks (1489)
- "Metallhütte zu Littfeld" ( Littfeld ), Metallhütte (1760), lead and aluminum processing
- "Obere Müsener Hütte", steel hut (1492)
- "Rothenbacher Hütte" (Müsen), metalworks (1721–1904), it supplied silver to the Prussian state coin.
In the 16th century there were at least seven blowmills in the city and one hammer hut in Hilchenbach , Allenbach, Dahlbruch and Müsen.
See also
literature
- T. Hundt, G. Gerlach, F. Roth, W. Schmidt: Description of the mountain areas Siegen I, Siegen II, Burbach & Müsen , Bonn 1887.
- Ute Bosbach, Achim Heinz, Wolfgang Stössel: Searching for traces in Eisenland. On the way on ore roads and miners ' paths, Amadeusmedien, Betzdorf 2006, ISBN 3-9808936-8-5 .
- Mathias Döring: Iron and silver - water and forest - pits, smelters and hammer mills in the Müsen mining area , the wielandschmiede, Kreuztal 1999.
Web links
- Stahlbergmuseum
- Mining especially in and around Müsen
- Gerd Bäumer: Ore mining in the Siegerland area ( Memento from November 7, 2001 in the Internet Archive )