Mountain area Müsen

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The processing plants of the Altenberg mine in Müsen 1905

The Bergrevier Müsen (or Müsener Revier ) was an administrative district of the Bergamt Siegen, dissolved in 1861, with administration in the Hilchenbach district of Müsen . The area around Müsen, with dozens of mines and several huts, was one of the centers in the Siegerland ore district .

expansion

Müsener mines

The Müsen mountain area extended over 324.7 km² far beyond the borders of Müsens to the southeast of the Siegerland. This included the former offices of Ferndorf , Keppel and Netphen as well as the non-governmental city of Hilchenbach . The area corresponds to today's cities Hilchenbach and Kreuztal , with the exception of Oberhees and Mittelhees , which belonged to the Freudenberg district and the city of Netphen , the towns of Flammersbach , Anzhausen , Rudersdorf and Gernsdorf , which are now part of Wilnsdorf , and the Siegen districts of Buchen , Breitenbach , Feuersbach , Obersetzen and Sit down .

History of the Müsen district

During the construction of the village well in Müsen in 1960, the remains of racing ovens were found in the parish meadow. These come from the Celtic times and were used to smelt iron . Through slag finds, the Celts also found racing furnaces for the smelting of iron in the Zitzenbach, as well as evidence of non-ferrous metal smelting for lead and copper in the Rothenbach. The " mining settlement Altenberg " was documented by excavations in the 13th century. In 1465 various pits from Müsen were mentioned, including the "Hochgrube". All of the pits from Ferndorf were first mentioned in 1529 , including the “ Glücksanfang ” pit . The first mention and description of the “ Altenberg ” mine near Müsen dates back to 1587 , the evidence of which appears from 1700 onwards. From 1830 there are statistics on the production rates and the workforce in the pits. In 1836, 79 mines were in operation, and a total of 317 miners were employed. The iron ore production was 2,200 tons, the non-ferrous metal production 757 tons.

Overburden dump on Altenberg

The last remaining powder house in the old federal states is in Müsen . The house, built in 1817, served as a warehouse for the gunpowder from the Müsener pits. The house is located near the machine shafts of the “ Stahlberg ” mine (first mentioned on May 4, 1313) and the dumps of the “ Wilder Mann ” mine . It is maintained by the “Stahlberg und Altenberg eV” association and served as a hiking hut. The association also looks after the “Stahlbergmuseum”, in which the history of mining in the region in the 18th and 19th centuries is presented. It is housed in the Prayer House of the Pit, which was built in 1846. Until it was dissolved in 1861, the mining area was under the control of the Siegen mining authority. The mountain area itself was dissolved in 1933.

The “Stahlberger Erbstollen” has been used as a visitor mine since 1974 , with a length of 380 meters visitors can gain an insight into the interior of a mine.

Pits

In addition to the mines in and around Müsen, there are also a few more or less small pits in the Müsen mining area that were outside of the local area. The largest of these was the “ Schnellenberg ” mine near Beienbach , others were, for example, “Jakobus” near Helgersdorf or “Friedericke” near Ruckersfeld . The others were relevant for the respective location, but not for the development of mining in the region. Most of the pits were in the vicinity of Müsen. These included places such as Burgholdinghausen , Littfeld or Ferndorf.

There were over 50 mines in the Müsen district around the town of Müsen. In 1880 there were 130 pits in the entire mining area.

pit District Aisle means First mention Minerals comment
Abraham Have to Wild man 01st Mar 1837
Eagle Have to Eagle gear 1789 Pb, Ag
Altenberg (= "St. John") Burgholdinghausen Altenberger Gang 0Jan. 2, 1571 Pb , Ag Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees 1914
On the Hohen Grube (from 1611 "Hochgrube") Have to Stahlberger Stock 1463 Fe to "Stahlberg"
On the Mertinshardt Have to Stahlberger Stock 1463 Fe
Mine in Deep Soap Have to Deep valley 1722 Cu , Ag
Black grouse Have to Black grouse in the deep valley 1789 Pb, Ag
Birnbaumer Zech Have to Stahlberger Stock 1548 Fe Erbstollen
Fractions Have to Broken gear 1722 Fe, Cu, Pb Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees 1941
Christof Littfeld / Müsen On the Kindelsberg 1789 Pb, Ag
Start of happiness Müsen / Ferndorf Wild man 1529 Pb, Ag to "Wilder Mann"
Lucky Haven Littfeld / Müsen On the Kindelsberg 1789 Pb, Ag
God's blessing Littfeld / Müsen Aisle God blessing Kindelsberg 1722
Hartenberg Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe
Haselgrube ("On the Haselgruben") Have to Broken gear 1463 Fe from 1466 Berg Dahlbruch
Heinrichssegen (formerly "places") Littfeld 1663 Fe to "Victoria"
Hermannsberg ("Alter Hermannsberg" and "Neuer Hermannsberg") Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe to "Stahlberg"
Hermen Hail Have to 1463 Fe from 1467 "Hemmelhole"
Hollöler Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe
Hollweger ("Holzgruber Schacht") Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe
Young man Müsen / Ferndorf Wild man 28 Feb 1835 Fe? to "Wilder Mann",

Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees 1941

Maid Have to Wild man / maid 1722 Fe
Kuhlenberg Have to Kuhlenberger Gang 1789 Fe to "Wilder Mann"
State Welfare Have to State welfare gang 1785 Pb
Air pit ("colliery pit") Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe to "Stahlberg"
Mittelzeche Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe
Middle Sonnenberger tunnel Have to Sonnenberg 1450 Fe, Pb, Ag
Molzekuhler tunnel Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe? to "Stahlberg"
Müsener Stahlberg Have to Stahlberger Stock 1608 Fe, Cu to "Stahlberg"
Nakeborn's tunnel Have to Schwabengrube 1500 Pb, Ag
New colliery Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe to "Stahlberg"
Nimrod Have to 0Oct 9, 1856 Fe? to "Wilder Mann"
Prince Friedrich ("On the Braasen") Have to Prince Friedrich Gang 1722 Cu, Ag
Prince Wilhelm Have to Ziegenberg, Prince Friedrich Gang 1789 Pb, Ag
Regina Have to Wild man 1789 Pb, Ag to "Wilder Mann"
Regulus Have to 0Sep 1 1856 Fe? to "Wilder Mann", "Victoria"
Saturnus Have to Walk in the deep valley 1789 Pb, Ag
Schwabenkuhl ("Saxon Train") Have to Schwabengrube 1764 Fe, Cu, Pb, Ag
Silberart ("Trippler Stollen") Have to Silver hard gear 1738 Pb, Ag
Sonnenberg Have to Sonnenberg 0Jan. 3, 1837 Fe, Pb, Ag 1911 on "Wilder Mann"
Stahlberg Have to Stahlberger Stock 1079 (first documented mention May 4, 1313) Fe, Cu Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees March 31, 1931
Stenberge to muses Have to Stahlberger Stock 1313 Fe
Boots Have to Later Caroline 1789 Pb, Ag
Stollen (name unknown) Littfeld / Müsen Victoria corridor 1350 Pb, Ag
Stollen Unexpected blessing Have to Gang Unexpected blessing 1350 Pb, Ag
Stud wolf Have to Gang wolf 1350 Pb, Ag
stocking Müsen / Littfeld Gear stocking 1789 Pb, Ag
St. Martin Have to 23 Sep 1858 to "Wilder Mann"
Sürkesberg Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe to "Stahlberg"
Tiefenthal Have to 23 Sep 1858 to "Altenberg"
Victoria Littfeld / Burgholdinghausen Victoria corridor 1663 Pb, Ag, Zn Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees December 31, 1927
Water mountain Have to Stahlberger Stock 1611 Fe
Wild woman Have to 1897 Bail and iron according to DIN 21800 rotated by 180 degrees 1912
Wild man Have to Wild man 1717 1897 to "Altenberg"
Wild man Erbstollen Have to Wild man / maid gang 1717 1897 to "Altenberg"
Wilhelmine Have to 1789 Pb, Ag

Note: The most important pits are marked in bold. The date refers to the first mention, dismantling may have taken place earlier.

Metal works

In addition to the many mines , there were several metal works in and around Müsen in which the ore was melted down and processed. The iron ore from the Stahlberg mine was the only one in Siegerland that could be processed directly into steel . Therefore, in addition to the ironworks, there were also steelworks that produced the coveted Müsener steel. These huts existed in and around Müsen (the year they were first mentioned in brackets):

  • "Aher Hütte" ( Ferndorf ), (1319)
  • "Allenbacher Hütte" ( Allenbach ), steel hut (1417–1821), the hut was destroyed in a fire in 1781 and rebuilt.
  • "Breitenbacher Hütte" (Breitenbachtal), ironworks (1566)
  • "Burgholdinghauser Stahlhütte" ( Burgholdinghausen ), steel hut (1589)
  • "Dahlbrucher Stahlhütte" ( Dahlbruch ), steelworks (1471)
  • "Ernsdorfer Kupferhütte", metal works (1525)
  • "Ferndorfer Kupferhütte" (Ferndorf / Zitzenbach), metalworks (1502)
  • "Hermannshütte in the Winterbach", ironworks (1463)
  • "Hut zu Müsen" (possibly "Lower Steel Hut"), Steel Hut (1463)
  • "Kupferhütte zu Müsen", metal works (1707)
  • "Loher Metallhütte" ( Kredenbach ), metalworks (1489)
  • "Loher Stahlhütte" (Kredenbach), steelworks (1489)
  • "Metallhütte zu Littfeld" ( Littfeld ), Metallhütte (1760), lead and aluminum processing
  • "Obere Müsener Hütte", steel hut (1492)
  • "Rothenbacher Hütte" (Müsen), metalworks (1721–1904), it supplied silver to the Prussian state coin.

In the 16th century there were at least seven blowmills in the city and one hammer hut in Hilchenbach , Allenbach, Dahlbruch and Müsen.

See also

literature

  • T. Hundt, G. Gerlach, F. Roth, W. Schmidt: Description of the mountain areas Siegen I, Siegen II, Burbach & Müsen , Bonn 1887.
  • Ute Bosbach, Achim Heinz, Wolfgang Stössel: Searching for traces in Eisenland. On the way on ore roads and miners ' paths, Amadeusmedien, Betzdorf 2006, ISBN 3-9808936-8-5 .
  • Mathias Döring: Iron and silver - water and forest - pits, smelters and hammer mills in the Müsen mining area , the wielandschmiede, Kreuztal 1999.

Web links