Siegerland ore district

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Expansion of the "Siegerländer-Wieder-Spateisenstein district"

The Siegerländer Erzrevier (actually "Siegerländer-Wieder-Spateisenstein district") was a mining area in North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate , in which there used to be many ore mines , so-called "pits". It stretched in the northeast from Hilchenbach to the southwest almost to Neuwied and "crossed" the districts of Siegen (today part of the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein ) and the district of Altenkirchen (Westerwald) (partly also Westerwaldkreis ) and the landscapes of Siegerland and Westerwald up to about the A3 on the southeastern edge of the Altenkirchen district, as well as small parts of the southern Sauerland . Essentially, the area in the two districts was divided into six mountain areas.

Pits

Active mining of the Stahlberg mine in Müsen near Hilchenbach is suspected as early as 1079 AD. However , it was first mentioned in a document on May 4th 1313. Thus, the Ratzenscheid mine in Wilnsdorf, dating from 1298, is the oldest Siegerland mine mentioned in a document. In total, there were over 5000 mines in operation in the area, most of the "larger" 650, over 150, in the urban area of Siegen . Another focus is the regions around Neunkirchen ( SI ) and Herdorf ( AK ) with over 50 mines and Knowledge (AK) with almost 100 mines. Around the Hilchenbach district of Müsen there were also over 50 pits in the Müsen district . In 1850 800 mines were active, in 1853 there were only 660. On March 31, 1965 the last ones were closed. These were the Georg pits in Willroth and Füssenberg in Biersdorf near Daaden . The deepest iron ore mines in Europe at the time were also to be found here.

The three deepest pits in the ore district were:

  1. Eisenzecher Zug in Eiserfeld (mining period: 1465–1960; total depth: 1343.33 m)
  2. Pfannenberg unity in Salchendorf (mining time: 1810–1962; total depth: 1338 m)
  3. Brüderbund in Eiserfeld (dismantling period: around 1400–1958; total depth: 1274.8 m)

Below is a short list of the largest or most important mines in the ore district, see also the list of mines in the Siegerland .

pit Municipality / town + district Total depth in meters Staff members
ant Siegen- Eisern 990 280
Bautenberg Wilnsdorf - Wild 1025.2 400
Bindweide Steinebach - Bindweide 535 860
Brotherhood Siegen-Eiserfeld 1274.8 300
Concordia Herdorf- Dermbach 882 200
Eisenzecher train Siegen-Eiserfeld 1343.33 920
Eisernhardt civil engineering Siegen-Eisern 880 512
Eupel Knowledge - Niederhövels 632 474
Füssenberg - Friedrich Wilhelm Herdorf and Daaden / Biersdorf 1052/1046 350 (up to 1100) / 985
George Flammersfeld - Willroth 968 535
Grimberg Wilnsdorf- Niederdielfen 782 170
Great Castle Pit Neunkirchen - Altenseelbach 895 ?
Heinrichsglück Salchendorf (Neunkirchen) 791 280
Henriette Siegen- Niederschelden 675 226
Louise Flammersfeld - Bürdenbach / Horhausen 503 400
New Haardt Siegen- Weidenau 1101 550
Petersbach Altenkirchen - Eichelhardt 1025 600
Pfannenberger unity Salchendorf (Neunkirchen) 1338 800
San Fernando Herdorf 1032.2 628
Stahlberg Hilchenbach - Müsen 660 400
Storch & Schöneberg Siegen-Gosenbach 1162.7 2000
Union Knowledge- Katzwinkel 1023 820
Victoria Kreuztal - Littfeld 720 200
wolf Herdorf 814.5 300

The longest tunnel is the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen , which belonged to Eisenzecher Zug in Eiserfeld . It was erected in 1805 and measures an entire length (including the side tunnels) of 7597.5 m.

Mountain areas

Bergreviere Siegerland

The area was divided into different mountain areas, which were controlled from their respective headquarters. These mountain areas were

All mountain areas were subordinate to the Siegen Mining Authority .

Natural resources

In addition to the main mining of iron ore (Fe), other minerals and ores were also mined:

Rare were antimony (Sb) or silver (Ag), which for example in the pits Landeskrone at Wilden and Prince Moritz at low village was promoted. However, silver mostly came in the form of lead ores containing silver. Gold (Au) was mined in small quantities in the Philippshoffnung mine in Siegen and partly extracted from ore residues by flotation systems.

In total, almost 175 million tons of iron ore were mined in the ore district. It is assumed that there are still around 40 million tons of ore in the earth.

The annual funding increased from the 19th century:

1836
  
 0.06 million t
1853
  
 0.21 million t
1900
  
 1.80 million t
1913
  
 2.62 million t
1926
  
 1.70 million t
1932
  
 0.50 million t
1949
  
 1.10 million t
1953
  
 1.40 million t

By 1900 over 15,000 miners were working in the region. That number rose and fell depending on the economic situation.

Slate was also mined very rarely, but this was increasingly done in the neighboring Wittgensteiner Land . The largest lignite mines in the nearby Westerwald lignite mining area were Alexandria near Höhn and Adolfsburg near Emmerzhausen .

See also

literature

  • T. Hundt, G. Gerlach, F. Roth, W. Schmidt: Description of the mountain areas Siegen I, Siegen II, Burbach & Müsen . Bonn 1887
  • A. Ribbentrop: Description of the mountain area Daaden churches . Bonn 1882
  • G. Wolf: Description of the mountain district Hamm an der Sieg . Bonn 1885
  • Adolf Hoffmann: Mining Authority District Betzdorf (=  descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority districts . Volume 1 ). Glückauf, Essen 1964.
  • Ute Bosbach: Searching for traces in Eisenland - on the way on ore roads and miners' paths . amadeusmedien, 2006, ISBN 3-9808936-8-5 .
  • Thomas Kirnbauer, Stefan Hucko: Hydrothermal mineralization and mineralization in Siegerland . In: Der Aufschluss , Volume 62, 2011, pp. 257–296, Hanover, ISSN  0004-7856

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