Eisenzecher train
| Eisenzecher train | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Funding / total | 11,065,879 t of iron ore | ||
| Rare minerals | Hausmannite , pyrolusite , lepidocrocite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | 920 (1905) | ||
| Start of operation | 1465 | ||
| End of operation | February 29, 1960 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Spatula , brown iron stone | ||
| Greatest depth | 1,343.33 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 49 '8 " N , 7 ° 59' 22" E | ||
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| Location | Eiserfeld | ||
| local community | Wins | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Siegen-Wittgenstein | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Bergrevier Siegen I | ||
The Eisenzecher Zug (also "Eisenzeche" ; on Platt "ahl Isezeäne" ) was a composite mine with the main mine of the same name in the Upper Kesselborntal southwest of Eiserfeld , a district of Siegen in Siegerland . With well over 20 connected pits, it was one of the largest associations and the deepest pit in the Siegerland ore district . Johann Philipp cup called the former iron mine in 1789 and "Queen of Eisenstein pits".
The Eisenzecher Zug is considered to be the type locality for the mineral lepidocrocite, which was first discovered in this mine .
Aisle means
The Eisenzecher Gangzug had a length of approx. 2 km and ran from northeast to southwest. In addition to the pits of the later Eisenzecher Zug composite mine , other companies also built on the gangway, the largest of them being the later Concordia operations department near Dermbach.
The passage means iron mine was in Eisenzecher studs m a mineable length of 258 and was 8-18 m thick. In the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen , the length was reduced to 124 m, but the thickness increased to 16–24 m. The Nöllcher means was 70 m long and 1–2 m thick. The Kirschenbaum corridor was 106 m long and up to 5 m thick and was the purest spate iron stone .
The Grauebacher corridor center was 240 m long and 4.8 m thick. Copper ore was found in the upper depths . The Schlänger & Eichert gang was the smallest of the individual pits , only undercut by the Nöllcher gang . The length was 100 m, the thickness 2.75 m, here too copper ore occurred in the upper depths. The passage center of the Scheuer pit was 220 m long and 2.5 m thick.
At a depth of 150–300 m, the means had a corridor area of 4325 m². This increased up to a depth of 500–550 m to almost 8000 m², at 790 m it decreased again to 1000 m² of corridor area. At the depth, the average was only 2–6 m, in some places up to 8 m thick.
Terrain and surface facilities
In the 1880s, after the foundation of the civil engineering company and the sinking of the Kaiser Wilhelm shaft in 1881 , the first central daytime facilities were built in the Kesselborntal . These facilities changed constantly until around 1950. To the northwest of the shaft stood the hoisting machine house , which was followed by the colliery house to the south . To the north of the headframe , which was replaced by a new one in 1910, the factory kitchen was housed in a smaller building. The boiler house was southeast of the shaft . The New Shaft , sunk in 1894, was located in the same building southwest of the first shaft, its headframe was rotated by 90 ° so that the hoisting machine house was connected to the southwest. Right next to the scaffolding were the machine and transformer room, as well as two cooling towers a little further away . The scaffolding of the new shaft was also replaced by a new one in 1910. To the north, in the corner between the first winding machine house and the factory kitchen, was the office, to the north-west of it were the workshops . In the row were blacksmiths , blacksmiths , locksmiths , electrical workshops and carpenters . To the east of the workshops, a more modern raw spar processing plant was built later , which was destroyed in a major fire in 1953. Between the system and the headframe of the Kaiser Wilhelm shaft ran a belt on supports to transport the ore from the shaft to the processing facility. To the south-east of it was the roasting furnace and below it the old processing plant of the pit. The rail connection to the Eisern-Siegen Railway and the loading of the locomotives were laid out south of these facilities . A braking track led from the site up to the shaft. At its lower end was a tunnel that led underground to the shaft. To the right and left of the rail connection were lime and wood stores as well as a room shed and a scale. The tracks ran on the right slope through the Kesselborntal , then down in two switchbacks into the valley basin and from there on towards Eiserfeld itself.
history
Beginnings of mining on the aisle train
All around the valley there are traces of old mining in the area in the form of pinging, pinging trains, heaps and old tunnels. The oldest mentions of pits on the Eisenzecher Gangzug go back to the year 1465, the first mention of the Eisenzeche and Kirschenbaum pits . In a register of tithe income from the Siegen miner Heintze Brüne, the pits “uff der Isenzechen”, “uff dem topmost” and “uff deme right cherry tree” are listed. In addition, “Graenbach” and an out-of-service (“wuste”) pit are “two Kirßbom”. Of the more than 40 mines in the region at that time, nine were on the Eisenzecher gangway.
Single pits
The main and largest pits of the Eisenzecher Zug are described in more detail below.
Iron mine
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In 1465 the pit was first mentioned as "uff der Isenzechen". In 1495 the mine was mentioned again. Around 1600 the production of the pit with cherry tree together was five times as high as that of the Stahlberg mine near Müsen, approx. 10–15 wagons of Spateisenstein were mined, this corresponded to approx. 20 t of ore. In the 16th century the Upper Eisenzecher tunnel was created, In 1769 the deep Eisenzecher tunnel followed . The tunnel was jointly driven through the Eisenzeche , Kirschenbaum and Kalteborn pits and reached a length of 335 m in 1789. The depth of the pit was 75 m in the same year. In 1856 the Eisenzecher Gang was built . 5/8 of the costs were divided between the Eisenzeche mine and 3/8 between the Kirschenbaum and Kalteborn mines . Its total length was 1465 m. Between 1730 and 1740 a dispute arose between the Eisenzeche and Nöllchen pits , which ended in 1740 with Nöllchen being bought up. Between 1751 and 1784 a total of around 55,000 t of iron stone was mined. From 1794 dogs were used to drive through the upper tunnel . Around 1800 14 miners were working in the mine. In 1848 a colliery and a road to the Eiserfeld – Neunkirchen connection road were built on the Tiefen Stollen .
While the production quantities (see table) were still a maximum of 1,400 t in the 18th century, production rose sharply from 1850 in the course of industrialization within a few years and was 62,888 t in the year of consolidation to Eisenzecher Zug .
Cherry tree
The Kirschenbaum mine was first mentioned in 1465 and was the second largest mine in the group after the iron mine. In 1495 a document mentions three pits on the Kirschenbaumer Gang. In 1557 the production was stopped. The Untere Kirschenbaum and Mittlere Kirschenbaum pits resumed operations in 1571. Already in the 16th century 20-25 tons of iron ore were being mined every week. This corresponded to approx. 1,000 t annually. In 1863 the production was 12,100 tons. It fell to 7,600 t in 1870 and rose only slowly to 8,811 t by 1885. after that, more was extracted again, in 1894 it was 50,688 tons of iron stone.
Grauebach
The Grauebach mine was first mentioned in 1465 . The dismantling is likely to be older, however. In 1730 the production was resumed after a shutdown, in that year the Obere Grauebacher tunnel was created. 1797 was also muted again . The production increased from the 1850s, similar to the other mines, three to four times within a few years. In 1863, 5,654 t of iron ore were mined, while in 1857 it was only 2,364 t. The Grauebach mine was the third largest mine on the Eisenzecher Gangzug and in the year of consolidation in 1894 already produced 38,308 t.
Scheuer and Schlänger & Eichert
The Scheuer mine was also mentioned in 1466, while the Schlänger and Eichert mine was first mentioned in 1619. Here too, the dismantling will be older. The Eichert tunnel was closed in the middle of the 19th century. In 1812 the deep tunnel of the pit was created. Similar to the Scheuer mine , production only increased in the early 1960s. The production of both pits in 1869 amounted to 7,022 t at Scheuer and 5,506 t of iron ore at Schlänger & Eichert .
Civil engineering company
In 1865, the Eisenzeche , Kirschenbaum , Schlänger & Eichert , Scheuer , Kalteborn , Bergmannslust , Feuer und Flamme , Hohe Pfannenberger Vereinigung , Verweide , Arminius , Freiberg , Römel and Harteborn mines bought the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen , who was built in Eiserfeld on March 21, 1805 , who helped a total length (including side tunnels) of 7597.50 m formed the hereditary tunnels of the pits on the Eisenzecher Gangzug .
| pit | Delivery rate 1885 |
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| Iron mine | 26,167 t |
| Grauebach | 11,789 t |
| Cherry tree | 8,811 t |
| Chafing | 6,368 t |
| Schlänger & Eichert | 3,299 t |
| total | 56,434 t |
On September 21, 1880, the Eisenzeche , Kirschenbaum , Grauebach , Scheuer and Schlänger & Eichert pits founded the Eisenzecher civil engineering company in order to be able to jointly operate economic civil engineering. The Kaiserschacht was sunk in the Kirschenbaum pit from 1881 . In April 1883 it reached a depth of 137 m, in December of the same year the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen was cut through at a depth of 187 m. After the Grauebacher Gang was reached in January 1885 and the Kirschenbaumer Gang in March , the first cable car ride took place on September 26th of the same year. In 1900 the 250 m level was hewn and in 1905 the 450 m level. Later 790 m depth were reached. At a depth of 450 m, a stretch was driven to Findling .
In 1883 the Eisern-Siegener Railway was built, through which the pit through the Eiserfeld train station was connected. The second shaft became a blind shaft and was sunk from October 8, 1882 in the Scheuer field . At the end of 1884 he reached the first level and in April 1885 the Scheuer Gang. There were a total of eleven other blind shafts and one die. The third shaft followed in 1894 as a blind shaft with a depth of 670 m. A separate main shaft from 670–1190 m depth under the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen reached its entire depth in 1950. The soles were hit in the following years:
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In the third shaft
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In the separate main shaft
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After new daytime facilities were built in the Kesselborntal , including headframe and shaft hall, a system for generating compressed air for the drilling machines and a narrow-gauge railway as a connection to the Eisern-Siegen railway, it was decided to consolidate the pits in order to be able to work more economically. So the pits of the civil engineering company and the individual companies Kalterborn , Cons. Wilder Bär , Grüner Jäger and Hohe Pfannenberger Association formed the new Eisenzecher Zug union towards the end of 1894 . In 1901, a 46 m long test section was driven in the Tiefen Eisenzecher tunnel to the miner's delight. A year later, the last locomotive ore was driven out of the Reinhold-Forster-Erbstollen , from then on all ore was lifted to the surface via the shafts.
Changes and economic crisis
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From 1900 on, the mine layout changed constantly. In 1910 new headframes were erected and a new twin hoisting machine was purchased for Kaiserschacht and Shaft II . From 1900 catenary locomotives were used to transport the ores. The locomotives from Siemens needed 10 kV three-phase current. Electrically operated centrifugal pumps for dewatering were installed, pneumatic hammers were purchased. A simple preparation and 32 roasting ovens were built. In 1912 the expansion for electromagnetic processing followed. In 1901 780 miners were employed, in 1905 there were already 920, 700 of them in civil engineering. In the meantime, the ore production increased steadily. Between 1901 and 1910 alone, 2.1 million tons of iron ore were mined. In 1914, production reached its peak at 313,106 t.
In the same year, the breakthrough to the Concordia mine, which has been connected since 1907, took place at the 350 m level. From the 250 m level onwards, a connection to the pit was made every 100 m into the depth. In 1914 the mine ownership came to Hoesch AG (Dortmund). On November 18, 1923, the production was stopped due to the economic crisis. At the same time, the workforce reached its greatest strength with 1,100 members. After a short operating period, production was stopped again in mid-1932. Since May 1, 1930, the management of the Storch & Schöneberg mine has been taken over. In 1934 600 people again worked at the iron mine , in 1939 there were 654.
In 1943, 820 miners were still employed. In the following year the operation was stopped.
Post war and shutdown
1945, commenced operations on the pit again, but the deposed main shaft stood up to the 970-m level under water since it due to the war blackouts and precipitation of the dewatering machines came. After the water was pumped out, the production could be resumed. In June 1946, the processing was also started up again. This year, 355 employees extracted a “meager” 18,584 tons of iron ore, 39 tons of copper ore and 81 tons of pyrites.
In 1953 the mine was attached to Erzbergbau Siegerland AG . In 1954 450 miners were employed. The Kaiserschacht was used until this year. With a total depth of 1,343.33 m, it was the deepest mine in Europe until it was sold to the Pfannenberger Einigkeit mine in Salchendorf in 1957.
On the night of September 16-17, 1953, the wet mechanical raw spar processing plant burned down completely. Despite considerations, it was never rebuilt. In 1954 the mine was temporarily closed due to the fire. From July 1, 1957, all ores were processed in the Pfannenberger Einigkeit mine, which had been converted for central processing , after a 2.5 km long underground connection was completed on June 22 of the same year. This was in the Eisenzeche on the 670 m level, on the Pfannenberg at 800 m. The shafts of the iron mine were converted and now only transported material and miners.
Despite the more economical amalgamation of the pits, the operation could not hold up. On February 29, 1960, the mine with 150 employees was shut down. In the last operating period between 1951 and 1960, 378,230 t of ore were mined. With ancillary operations, the total production was 14.6 million tons of Spateisenstein , only 11,065,879 tons were obtained from Eisenzecher Zug .
Today the buildings and the site of the mine are used industrially, the name Kaiserschacht is well known and can also be found on maps.
Consolidation pits
Here are the largest pits in the network (main pits marked in bold):
| pit | Locality | First award | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concordia | Dermbach | 1875 | Civil engineering from 1880; Total depth: 882 m; shut down in 1962 |
| Dreisling | Brachbach | May 27, 1867 | |
| Iron mine | Eiserfeld | 1465 | Cons. 1894 to Eisenzecher Zug |
| Elias | Dermbach | December 17, 1861 | |
| fire and flame | Eiserfeld | April 18, 1835 | |
| Freiberg | Eiserfeld | May 29, 1858 | |
| Grauebach | Eiserfeld | before 1466 | Cons. 1894 to Eisenzecher Zug |
| High view | Eiserfeld | October 18, 1857 | |
| trousers | Eiserfeld | July 21, 1858 | Copper ore production in 1864/1865: 11.9 t |
| Cherry tree | Eiserfeld | 1465 | Cons. 1894 to Eisenzecher Zug |
| Top cherry tree | Eiserfeld | May 23, 1857 | |
| Deer horn | Eiserfeld | October 2, 1861 | |
| Reinhold Forster Stollen | Eiserfeld | March 21, 1805 | † 1902; Length: 7597.50 m |
| Römelszeche | Eiserfeld | July 18, 1857 | |
| Chafing | Eiserfeld | before 1466 | Cons. 1894 to Eisenzecher Zug |
| Schlänger and Eichert | Eiserfeld | before 1619 | Cons. 1894 to Eisenzecher Zug |
| Boots | Eiserfeld | May 16, 1908 | |
| Father Werner | Eiserfeld | January 15, 1856 | |
| Father Werner III | Eiserfeld | May 16, 1908 | |
| United boulder | Brachbach | Consolidation: December 14, 1874 | |
| Graze | Eiserfeld | August 30, 1865 | |
| Full moon | Eiserfeld | May 28, 1858 | |
| Forward | Eiserfeld | August 6, 1861 |
See also
literature
- Horst G. Koch: Queen of the iron stone pits - Eisenzecher Zug / Reinhold-Forster-Erbstollen , Verlag Gudrun Koch, Siegen 1986, ISBN 3-9800627-3-2 .
- Horst G. Koch: Eiserfeld in the green wreath of mountains. Verlag Gudrun Koch, Siegen 1992, ISBN 3-928343-02-5 .
- Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: Stahlberg, Hollertszug and Eisenzeche - From collieries and mines of the Siegerland , Verlag Höppner & Göttert, Siegen 1997, ISBN 3-924948-45-3 .
- Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: “Pfannenberg-Eisenzeche” compound system - ores no longer in demand despite modernization , Verlag Koch, Siegen 1992.
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Philipp Becher: Mineralogical description of the Oranien-Nassauischen Lande , Marburg 1789, p. 392
- ↑ a b c d F. M. Simmersbach: History of the Siegerland mining industry, Bochum / Berlin 1881 (PDF; 243 kB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j T. Hundt, G. Gerlach, F. Roth, W. Schmidt: Description of the mountain areas Siegen I, Siegen II, Burbach & Müsen ; Bonn 1887
- ↑ a b c d VDI-Z: Journal for Development, Construction, Production, Volume 19, 1875
- ^ Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1854
- ↑ a b c d e f g Hans Dietrich Gleichmann: The Füssenberg - The great time of the Siegerland iron ore mining , Bertelsmann Fachzeitschriften-Verlag Gütersloh, 1994.
- ^ A b Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1871
- ↑ a b c d magazine for the mining, smelting and saltworks in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1895
- ^ Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1870
- ^ Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1898
- ^ Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1909
- ^ Journal for the mining, smelting and salt works in the Prussian state , Berlin; Edition 1911
