Hut House

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Cast iron inscription plate on the hut house of the Vereinigt Zwitterfeld Fundgrube , Zinnwald

The Huthaus or Zechenhaus is the central administration building of a mine . Huthaus was originally the name for a guard house and in mines for a building in which the miners prayed and stored their tools. The name Huthaus is derived from the pit supervisor called Hutmann . It was an administration building, material warehouse, tack room , workshop and apartment in one. Several old hat houses are now listed.

Structure and location

The location of the hat house was dependent on the size of the mine. In the case of smaller pits, the hat house was usually located near the shaft or the tunnel mouth hole . It is not uncommon for the shaft to open into the hut house. B. at the Röschenschacht the Beschert Glück Fundgrube in Zug . For larger mines the Huthaus next driving home, was Bergschmiede etc. part of the surface installations . The hut house usually had two and occasionally three floors and carried a rider with a bell, weather vane and clock on its roof. The hut room, which served the Hutmann as an administrative office, was on the ground floor. This is where the mining books were kept, in which the pay slips, costs and yields of the mine were entered. Next to the hat room there was often a prayer room with an altar and organ; in smaller mines the hut room served as a prayer room. In the tack room there were lights and tack of the miners. The ore deposit, in which the ores that had already been processed were stored until they were transported to the hut , was also often housed on the ground floor of the hat house. In the case of smaller pits, the mountain smithy was also located in the hat house. On the upper floors were the apartments of the Hutmannes and the Obersteigers as well as occasionally sleeping rooms for the miners.

Involvement in the miners' working day

The hut house was the central meeting room of the miners, here they came together before and after each shift in the hat room or the prayer room for prayer and reading (attendance control). The hat man held a small service in front of the entrance. The miners were called to the shift and the end of the shift was announced with the chime in the tower of the hut house:

The bell rings, the dawn is dawning,
it gets loud in the miner's hut,
because work calls, the shift calls
, the brave miner doesn't line up ...

Moritz Döring : The miner's greeting . 1831

Often beer and tobacco could be sold in the houses.

Colliery houses in the Western
Ore Mountains : Mines were as far away from the miners' homes as was the case for Eibenstock , Sosa and Bockau that they could only be reached by walking there and back for hours, often in bad weather conditions and especially in winter was hardly affordable, there was the practice that the miners lived in the colliery houses all week and only went home on Saturdays, when they were off work as a wage day. The working time model according to the mountain regulations for Eibenstock of March 15, 1534 took this into account: “Steiger and workers go to work in the forest on Mondays at 9 or 10 am. They work 4 hours on this day, 10 hours each on the other days. They go home on Saturday morning. "

Picture gallery

Well-known colliery houses

literature

  • Norbert Kaiser: Hutmann wuhnt. Hut houses as mining witnesses in the Eastern Ore Mountains . In: Country calendar book for Saxon Switzerland and the Eastern Ore Mountains 2014 . Dresden 2013, pp. 152–158.
  • Siegfried Sieber : Colliery houses in the woodland around the Auersberg . In: Erzgebirge 1974. A yearbook for socialist local history , Stollberg 1973, pp. 49–55.

Web links

Commons : Hut Houses  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Huthaus . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 10 : H, I, J - (IV, 2nd division). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1877 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  2. ^ Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence . Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  3. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth: The Freiberg mining . VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstofftindustrie Leipzig 1986, p. 215 ff.
  4. ↑ On the history of the hat house of the mine "God's Destiny United Feld am Graul", accessed on October 30, 2012.
  5. ^ Reymann: Photo Documentarists of the Bergstadt Freiberg 1865-1945 . VEB Fotokinoverlag Leipzig, 1985, p. 77.
  6. ^ Historical copper mine in Düppenweiler accessed on October 30, 2012.
  7. ↑ The mining hut in Zinnwald accessed on October 30, 2012.
  8. ↑ The day buildings. ( Memento from January 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Bergstadt Schneeberg; accessed on January 15, 2016
  9. ^ A b Siegfried Sieber: Colliery houses in the woodland around the Auersberg . In: Erzgebirge 1974. A yearbook for socialist local history . Stollberg 1973, p. 49.