Bremsberg (mining)

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Bremsberg, schematic.
Brake mountain funding

As Bremsberg (also brake track ) are used in mining floating distances referred to in which the material to be conveyed by means of a braked cars down transported is. Brake peaks are used in mining both underground and above ground to convey and transport the extracted material. Underground brake mountains around the mined minerals from the applied, mining area to the lower sole to promote.

Basics

In principle, a Bremsberg is an inclined plane. The minimum incline of a braking hill at which the trolleys can still roll perfectly to the lowest level depends on several factors. In practice, this inclination is between 2.2 and 11 gon, depending on the length of the braking mountain and the number of carts descending . There is no maximum angle of inclination for braking mountains, more steep braking mountains were also used. Brake mountains are often driven up with the collapse of the seam . The conveyor units are conveyed either directly or on a frame to the lower pit . The conveyor units are conveyed away or braked by a brake reel with the aid of gravity . The reel conveying can either be two-strand or single-strand with a counterweight. Brake mountains are used for both flat and steep storage . Brake peaks were used instead of roller holes , especially in the coal industry. Brake mountains are used underground in hard coal mining, lignite mining and ore mining.

Brake garden

Depending on the use, a distinction is made between two types of brake mountains. There are Örterbremsberg and Transportbremsberg. Örterbremsberge are braking mountains with intermediate stops, they are only used for a construction department. In Örterbremsbergen the mined minerals are only extracted to the next level or partial level. For this reason, they are not built as stably as transport brake mountains. The conveyance is predominantly carried out in one piece with a counterweight. Conveyor brake mountains connect the partial floors with the main conveyor floor. These braking mountains have to withstand a longer service life, and they can also handle larger delivery rates. For this reason, production brake mountains are set up for two-pipe production.

Structure and technology

Bremsberg in Freiberg silver mining, filling point: transshipment of the ore in the route hunt.

In the Bremsberg there are tracks with the same gauge as the tracks of the lines for carriage guidance . Depending on whether the Bremsberg is single-strand or double-stranded, there are one or two tracks. In the single-lane version, there is also a guide device for the counterweight. There are counterweights running alongside and under running. The counterweight must be so heavy that it can pull the empty rack trolley up using gravity. In practice, one and a half times the empty weight of the rack trolley has proven itself as a counterweight. In the simplest case, the counterweight consists of a low trolley filled with pieces of cast iron. A second track must be available for this car. With the counterweights that run under, the counterweight consists of a long cast iron block. This cast block is provided with wheels and is guided on a guide device between the track under the rack carriage. In certain cases, a separate channel for the counterweight must also be created under the track, in which the counterweight is carried out. At the top of the brake hill is the brake mechanism that prevents the descending trams from going too fast. The trolleys and the counterweight are connected to the braking mechanism by a wire rope . At the foot of the Bremsberg there is a short run-out zone for the descending wagons. This area is separated from the basic route so that any crashing cars do not fall into the basic route.

Brake mountains over days

Above ground brake mountain of the Lüderich mine in 1895
Cable drum of a disused brake mountain in Wales. On the left you can see the remains of the brake linkage.
Bremsberg reconstructed on the original site in the Ridnauntal ( South Tyrolean mining museum )

Brake mountains were created above ground in order to convey the mineral extracted in the higher tunnels down to the valley. In order to create a brake mountain over days in a mountainous area, the slope had to be processed accordingly. If these slopes were overgrown with trees, a swath had to be cut into the forest (see the photo opposite from the Lüderich mine ). Then a foundation was created on which the wagons could be moved. Narrow gauge tracks were used as the roadway . The loaded trolleys either drove on their own wheels or were pushed onto flat cars (platform undercarriages) and moved downwards by gravity. So that the empty wagons could be used again for filling, the tracks were laid out with two lanes, so that in return the empty trolleys could be conveyed up again. Traces of such braking mountains can still be found in the Harz Mountains today. There ran a route from Braunlage , Wurmberg -Südwesthang route from the granite quarry to the former gravel works and freight station Wurmberg (loading point on the narrow-gauge railway Walkenried-Braunlage / Tanne ). The Bremsberg route was later converted into a material ropeway. As the longest ropeway, which is still in operation today, in true South Tyrol situated Laas marble track . Numerous remains of Bremsbergen can be found in the slate mining areas of Wales .

literature

  • A. Stein: The different methods of mechanical line conveyance, taking into account the rope conveyance. Second edition. Printed and published by Carl Bertenburg, Gelsenkirchen 1898.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Explanatory dictionary of the technical terms and foreign words that occur in mining in metallurgy and in salt works and technical articulations that occur in salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869.
  2. ↑ a b c Albert Serlo: Guide to mining science. Second volume, 4th edition. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1884.
  3. ^ Heinrich Veith : German mountain dictionary with evidence. Published by Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  4. ^ A b Gustav Köhler : Textbook of mining history. 6th edition. Published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903.
  5. ^ Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen, 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  6. ^ A b Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1908.
  7. ^ Emil Stöhr: Catechism of Mining Studies. Lehmann & Wentzel bookstore for technology and art, Vienna 1875.
  8. ^ A b Herbert Stahl , Gerhard Geurts , Hans-Dieter Hilden, Herbert Ommer , Siegfried Raimann: Das Erbe des Erzes, Volume 4, Der Lüderich. Bergisch Gladbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-932326-52-3 .
  9. ^ A b Wilfried Ließmann : Historical mining in the Harz. 3. Edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .
  10. ^ Helge Steen: History of modern mining in the Black Forest. Books on Demand Verlag, Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-1653-X .
  11. ^ Homepage of the virtual technology museum in South Tyrol (last accessed on August 13, 2014).

Web links

Commons : Bremsberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files