Johann Simonis

Johann Simonis (born February 10, 1698 in Drusen , † January 2, 1768 in Hoyersdorf ) was a German Protestant theologian and orientalist.

Life

The son of a farmer had received his first training at the village school in his place of birth. Then he attended the city school in Schmalkalden, where he developed an interest in the ancient languages. 1718 enrolled at the University of Halle , secured his living as a private tutor and devoted himself to studying theology. The lessons of Johann Heinrich Michaelis in the Arabic language and Christian Benedikt Michaelis in Ethiopian had a particular impact on his development.

In 1721 he found a position as adjunct of the sub-rector at the reformed grammar school in Halle , became sub-rector himself in 1723, thus taking over the inspection of the convectorium and in 1739 became vice rector of the educational institution. During that time he had made a name for himself through written writings that deal primarily with oriental linguistic research. For this purpose he had used the public and private libraries, especially the book collection of the Halle orphanage. In 1744 he took over the full professorship of church history and antiquities at the University of Halle. On a trip to Hoyersdorf, which he had undertaken in the very cold at Christmas 1767, a violent fever was triggered in him, from which he died.

Act

His lectures included the church history of the Old and New Testaments, Hebrew, Greek and Roman antiquity, the explanation of Homer, the psalms, combined with grammatical lessons, especially in Arabic and Samaritan. His main fame as a writer is based on. his oriental linguistic research. Simonis was best known for his Hebrew and Chaldean lexicon, published in Latin in 1756, which was repeatedly published and last reissued by Eichhorn in 1793.

Works

• Tabulae XIV in linguam sanctam; adiuncta est appendix, quae vicem commentarii grammatici supplere potest. Hall 1725
• Exercitatio critica, qua trium vocum Hebraicarum significatio disquiritur. Hall 1731
• Arcanum formarum nominuro Hebraeae linguae, sive de significatione formali tractatus philologicus, quo nominum Hebraeae linguae significationes ex ipsorum formis eruuntur et illustrantur, sacroque veteris Testamenti textui atque adeo universae linguae original nova lux accenditur. Pars prior de nominibus nudis, Halle1735, Pars altera de nominibus auctis. Accedunt appendix de participiis Benonim nominaliter usurpatis, nominibus animalíum, peregrinis et compositis, exercitatio philologica, qua usus significationis formalis in enucleandis vocibus difficilioribus demonstratur, indices necessarii in utramque partem. Hall 1732
• Onomasticum veteris Testamenti, sive Tractatus philologicus, quo nomina veteris Testamenti propria ad appellativorum analogiam reducta ex originibus et formis suis explicantur, cum aliarum gentium nominibus conferuntur, impositionis ratio, quantum fieri potuit, ubique ostenditur, affque adeo linguae and nouveau; accedit Appendix continens spicilegium observationum et additionum ad arcanum formarum nominum Hebraicorum. Hall 1741
• Progr. De grammatica et mythologica significatione vocis Thammuz. Hall 1744. 4. Also with his Onomastico NT
• Biblia Hebraica manualia, ad optimas quasque editiones recensita, atque cum brevi lectionum masorethicarum resolutione atque explicatione, ut et cum Dictionario omnium vocum VT Hebraicarum et Chaldaicarum, in usum studiosae iuventutis edita. Halle1751 Editio secunda emendatior. Hall 1766. May 8. The title of the original appendix ifi: Dictionarium veteris Testamenti Hebraeo - Chaldaicum, ut cum BibliisHebraicis manualibus compingi queat, hac forma editium; the other: Analyíls et explicatio lectionum masorethicarum Kethibhan et Krijan vulgo dictarum, ea forma, qua illae in, textu sacro exstant, ordine alphabetico digesta, inque usum Studiosae iuventutis edita.
• Introductio grammatico - critica in linguam Graecam, qua de linguae illius origine et antiquitate, natura, fatis ac subsidiis, de praecipuis grammaticae Graecae momentis, lingua et textu novi Testamenti Graeco, de versionibus denique veteris Testamenti Graecis disseritur. Hall 1752
• Introductio grammatico - critica in linguam. Hebraeam. Hall 1753
• Lexicon manuale Hebraicum et Chaldaicum, in quo omnium textus sacri veteris Testamenti vocabulorum Hebraicorum et Chaldaicorum significatus secundum. primitivorum et derivatorum ordinem explicantur. Hall. I 756
• Editio altera., Priori longe auctior, cui accessit Vita b. Auctoris. (Curante Joh. Ludovico Schulzio,) Halle 1771 The biography eats from Samuel Mursinna. Editio tertia quam recensuit, emendavit, auxit J. G, Eichhorn. Hall 1793
• Onomasticum novi Testamenti et librorum veteris Testamenti apocrypharum; sive Tractatus philologicus, qua nomina propria, novi Testamenti et librorum apocryphorum veteris Testamenti ex ipsorum originibus et formis explicantur; cum biga dissertationum deThammuz, et de usu itinerariorum orientalium. Hall 1762
• Observationes lexicae in suppleinentum Lexici Hebraici manualis editae. Hall 1763
• Lexicon manuale Graecum, in; quo omnium textus sacri novi Testamenti Graeci vocabulorum significatus generales et speciales proprii item et improprii explicantur, optima quaevis ex aliis Lexicis virorumque doctorum observationibus collecta exhibentur, primitivorum etyma ex linguis orientalorum restituuntis, integrae phrases ex via. in compositis accurate definitur, omnium ternporum verborum exempla adducuntur, variae observationes grammaticae hinc inde intersperguntur, anomaliae, quantum fieri potuit, ad analogiam, reducuntur, multisque adeo vocibus locisque obscuria lux affunditur. Hall 1766
• Write to the Hochedelgeb. and highly acclaimed Mr. Professor Joh. Ludewig Schulze. Hall 1766

Editorships

• Yo. Leuedeni Compendium Graecum novi Testamenti, continent ex 7959 versiculis totius N, Test, tantum versiculos 1900, non tamen integros, in quibus omnes universi N. Testamenti voces una cura versione Latina et Syllabo analytico. inveniuntur. Accesserunt significationes vocum Latinae, ac Themata, tum proxima, quam remota, Syllabo analytico subiuncta, ut et Index, Graecus alphabeticus. omnium vocum novi Testamenti cum, annotatione locorum, ubi exstant. Leipzig 1735
• Jacobi Altingii Synopsis institutionum Chaldaicarum, cum, annotationibus Joh. Simonis. Hall 1749
• Yo. Adolphi Turretini Compendium historiae ecclesiasticae a Christo nato usque ad annum MDCC; cum continuatione ad praesens usque tempus editum etc. Hall 1750, 8. Editia secunda. Hall 1765
• Lectures on Christian antiquities, according to DSJ Baumgarten's instructions. Breviarii Antiquitatum Christianarum, with a preface, biography of the author and some notes edited by Samuel Mursinna, the Theol. public, teachers and the Gymnasii illustri in Halle Ephorus. Hall 1769
• Lectures on Jewish antiquities, according to Hadrian Reland's Antiquitatum sacrarum veterum Hebraeorum; with a preface and some comments edited by Sam, Mursinna etc. Halle, 1769

literature

• Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus Neletizi et Nudzici, or detailed diplomatic-historical description of the former primacy and Ertz-Stifft, but now secularized by the Duchy of Magdeburg, which belongs to the Duchy of Magdeburg, and of all the cities, palaces, offices, Manors, aristocratic families, churches, monasteries, parishes and villages, especially the cities of Halle, Neumarckt, Glaucha, Wettin, Löbegün, Cönnern and Alsleben; From Actis publicis and credible ... news, collected diligently, reinforced with many unprinted documents, adorned with copperplate engravings and abstracts, and provided with the necessary registers. Emanuel Schneider, Halle, 1750, vol. 2, p. 723
• Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Gerhard Fleischer d. J., Leipzig, 1813, vol. 13, p. 183, ( online )
• Heinrich Doering : The learned theologians of Germany in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Verlag Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, 1835, Neustadt an der Orla, vol. 4, p. 235 ( online )
• Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried :  Simonis, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, p. 379 f.

Web links

• Works by and about Johann Simonis  in the German Digital Library