Johann Heinrich Michaelis

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Johann Heinrich Michaelis

Johann Heinrich Michaelis (born July 26, 1668 in Klettenberg ; † March 10, 1738 in Halle (Saale) ) was a German Protestant theologian and oriental philologist.

Life

Johann Heinrich was born the son of Johann Valentin Michaelis (1633–1711) from Ellrich and his wife Sophia (née Schmidt) (1634–1712). In the former residence of the Counts of Hohenstein , his father had managed a noble estate as a tenant. The mother made it a point to teach her son to read soon. Since there was no school in town, he received lessons from private tutors from the start. When he was eleven, his parents moved to Ellrich, where he went to school. However, this apprenticeship didn’t really help him.

Michaelis found in the local pastor M. Thomas Damius (also women) a person who showed him the necessity of a good education. Michaelis would have liked to switch to the school in Nordhausen, but the plague had robbed the school of its teaching staff there. Therefore, he was supposed to complete a commercial apprenticeship in Braunschweig in 1683 . However, he felt little desire for such a training, so that his trainer, rather involuntarily, dismissed him after a few months.

He found the opportunity to continue his education at the Martinschule in Braunschweig and was supported by the local rector Möhring. He entrusted him with some children to teach. But Michaelis soon fell ill and went to his parents' house to recover. Recovered from the illness, he went to the restored school in Nordhausen in 1685 . Here, under the rector Konrad Dunkelberg (1640–1708) and the vice rector Johann Christian Buhl (1653–1706), after three years he had acquired the skills to be able to attend a university. He decided to go to Leipzig University in April 1688 . Here he studied oriental philology with Johann Ernst Müller and the Jewish teacher Albert Christian .

He also attended the theological lectures by Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann , Johann Olearius (1639–1713), Johann Benedict Carpzov II , Tilemann Andreas Rivinus (1654–1692), Thomas Ittig (1643–1710) and Adam Rechenberg (1642–1721). To finance his studies, Michaelis took on a position as a private teacher and supervised the publication of Heinrich Opitz's Hebrew-Chaldean Lexicon . After four years in Leipzig, he went to Halle, where he gave lectures on Hebrew and was accepted into the theological seminary. After a short stay with his parents from autumn 1693 as a tutor for his brother, he returned with him to the newly founded University of Halle in 1694 . Once again he gave lectures in the oriental languages ​​and gained high recognition in the process.

After he had successfully disputed with the dissertation Conamina brevioris manductionis ad doctrinam , he was awarded the academic degree of a master's degree in philosophy. 1696 he obtained with the thesis per Loco Epicrisin Philologicam de Rev. Michael Beckii Ulmensis, Disquisitionibus Philologicis the Master's laying of teaching and thus permission at universities. Yet his curiosity found no limits. He attended the lectures of Johann Wilhelm Baier 1647–1695 and Paul Anton (1661–1730) in polemics . In 1697 he met Job Ludolf , who was traveling through Halle and who inspired him to study the Amharic language at the University of Frankfurt (Oder) , where he then moved in April 1698.

After August Hermann Francke became a professor of theology, Michaelis was offered his vacant professorship in Greek and Oriental languages ​​at the University of Halle in 1699. In Halle he gained some fame in that position, in 1707 after the death of Christoph Cellarius he was given responsibility for the university library. Since Joachim Justus Breithaupt left the theological faculty of the University of Halle as abbot of the Berge monastery near Magdeburg in 1709 , Michaelis became a full professor of theology. Due to his involvement in the university business, his health had deteriorated. So he resigned his office in 1713 in order to recover from a cure in Berlin. There he was accepted by Freiherr Karl Hildebrand von Canstein (1667–1719) and returned to Halle with his strength restored.

Johann Heinrich Michaelis, Biblia Hebraica, Hall 1720

Michalis received his doctorate in theology on October 27, 1717. In the hierarchy of the theological faculty he rose through the departures of the other professors in 1732 to senior of the theological faculty of the Halle Alma Mater , associated with it was director of the theological seminary and Ephorus of the royal free table . As the academic director of the Halle University, Michaelis was prorector of the Halle alma mater in 1712, 1723 and 1733. Michaelis had also taken over the leadership of the Theological College of Oriental Languages ​​( Collegium Orientale Theologicum ). This was founded in 1702 at the suggestion of Francke. The goal of this quorum was to produce a Hebrew Bible. The Biblia hebraica ex aliquot manuscriptis ... published in 1720 is his main work, on which he worked day and night.

Johann Heinrich Michaelis was buried in Halle's Stadtgottesacker . His grave is in crypt arch 92, grave inscriptions are no longer preserved.

family

Michaelis had taken his nephew Christian Benedikt Michaelis with him in 1694 to teach him. A number of scholars and doctors descend from this.

Johann Heinrich Michaelis was married twice. In 1706 he married Elenore († 1711), the widow of the diacon in Sorau Georg Bose, the daughter of the court schoolboy in Sorau Severin Kupitz. This marriage resulted in two children who died early. After the death of his first wife, Michaelis married Dorothea Rosine (1692–1736), daughter of the lawyer in Dolkau M. Georg Henning, in 1715. From this marriage comes a daughter who was only three years old. His son Justus Konrad Michaelis (1716–1772) became a Prussian councilor and councilor in Halle. His grandson, the son of the aforementioned Wilhelm Michaelis (1742-1819) was in the Prussian 1787 peerage lifted and thus founder of up to 1,945 Quatzow wealthy Pomeranian noble family Michaelis .

Publications (selection)

  • Simplified Hebrew Grammatica. 1702
  • Easier Chaldean Grammatica, or correct guidance on the Chaldean language: Published in Teutsch for beginners on request.
  • Conamina brevioris manuductionis ad doctrinam de accentibus Hebraeorum prosaics. 1694
  • Diss. De Accentibus seu interstinctionibus Hebraeorum metricis. Also published under the German title: Thorough instruction from the Accentibus prosaicis and metricis. 1696, 1700
  • Epicrisis Philologica de plur. Rev. Atque Clar. Viri M. Michaelis Beckii, VI. Mensis Disquisitionibus LVII. Dictorum pentate. Cum respons. Ad exam. XIV. Dictorum Genes. Hall 1696, 1697
  • Diss. De Angelo Deo. 1701
  • Nova Versio Latina Psalterii Aethiopici cum notis Philologicis. 1701
  • Plaudii Confessi fidei cum Joby Ludolfi Versione Latina, notis & praefatione. Hall 1702
  • de pecularibus Hebraeum lomendi modis. Hall 1702
  • de istoria linguae Arabicae. Hall 1706
  • Diss. De Textu NT Greco. Hall 1706
  • de Jesaia propheta ejusque vaticinio. Hall 1712
  • Diss. De Rege Ezechia, Ecclesiae Israeliticae, sive Judaice, Reformatore. 1717
  • Meal that he wants to give to his blessed brother, Mr. Philipp Michaelis, and his blessed wife, loved ones. Hall 1720
  • Biblia Hebraica. Hall 1720
  • Uberiorum Annotationum in Hagiographos Volumina tria. Hall 1720
  • Strange curriculum vitae of Mr. Peter Heyling and his journey to Ethopia, along with accessible reports on the religious unrest that arose in the same kingdom at the beginning of the 17th Saeculi. Hall 1724
  • Diss. De Christo, Petra ac fundamento ecclesiae, ex Math. XVI. 18. 1726
  • Diss. De Nexu officorum hominis Cristiani in vero Dei culto. 1728
  • Diss. De cognostendi Theologiae revelatae principio. 1732
  • de Codicibus M SS. Biblico Ebraicis maxime Erfurtensibus. 1706
  • de Angelo interpret ad vindic. Job. XXXIII. 23rd 1707
  • de usu LXX. Interpretum in NT 1709
  • de Targumim.
  • De libro Cotheleth s. Ecclesiate Salomonis. 1716
  • Institutio de Accentibus Prosaicis et Metricis.
  • de Cantico Canticorum Salomonis. 1716
  • Introductio historico teologica in S. Jacobi minoris epistolam catholicam. 1722
  • de vera gratia Jesu Christi, qua proprie Cristiani fumus & salvamur. Hall 1723

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ July 15 according to the Julian calendar
  2. ^ Christian Stephan: The silent faculty. Pages 45–49, Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2005; ISBN 3-89923-103-1
  3. ^ Genealogical handbook of noble houses , B 15, Volume 83 of the complete series, Starke Verlag , Limburg / Lahn 1984, pp. 336–336.
personal data
SURNAME Michaelis, Johann Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian and oriental philologist
DATE OF BIRTH July 26, 1668
PLACE OF BIRTH Klettenberg
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1738
Place of death Halle (Saale)