John Charnley
Sir John Charnley (born August 29, 1911 in Bury , Lancashire , † August 5, 1982 in Manchester ) was a British surgeon and orthopedic surgeon . He is considered to be the pioneer of the hip endoprosthesis .
Charnley was the son of a chemist and a nurse. He studied from 1929 at Victoria University of Manchester, graduating in 1935 with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MB, ChB) and Bachelor of Science (BS, Anatomy and Physiology). In 1926 he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. From 1940 he was a doctor in the British Army, where he took part in the evacuation in Dunkirk . In 1946 he was back in Manchester and continued his specialist training at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital in Oswestry , Shropshire . In 1947 he was at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. At the same time he was a surgeon (Visiting Orthopedic Surgeon) at the Park Hospital in Davyhulme and from 1949 at the Writhington Hospital near Wigan , where he was whole from 1962 after he had decided from 1958 to concentrate on the development of an artificial hip.
After initial failures with Teflon for the hip socket, he developed a hip endoprosthesis with a hip joint head and shaft made of stainless steel and a plastic socket made of polyethylene , fixed to the bone with PMMA cement (which he also introduced into endoprosthetics in 1960). He also developed the surgical techniques for it (low frictional torque arthroplasty, LFA). In Germany, this was further developed and introduced by Hans-Wilhelm Buchholz , who was in contact with Charnley.
Charnley is also known for his development of external compression arthrodesis with an external fixator (1951). He also wrote a textbook on the conservative treatment of bone fractures, which is widely used in Great Britain and has also been translated into German, i.e. with plaster casts without surgery. The Charnley sling or Blount-Charnley sling for immobilizing the elbow joint in the supracondylar humeral fracture in children is named after him.
In 1973 he received the Gairdner Foundation International Award , 1974 the Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research , and 1975 the Lister Medal . In 1977 he was knighted as a Knight Bachelor . He was a member of the Royal Society .
He had been married to Jill Heaver since 1957 and had a son and daughter.
Fonts
- The closed treatment of common fractures , 3rd edition, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London 1974. German: The conservative therapy of extremity fractures - their scientific basis and their technique , Springer Verlag 1967
- Compression arthrodesis , Edinburgh 1953
- with W. Waugh The man and the hip , Springer 1990
- Low friction arthroplasty of the hip: theory and practice , Springer 1979
- Surgery of the hip joint , British Medical Journal 1960, p. 821
- Arthroplasty of the hip. A new operation ; The Lancet, May 27, 1961, p. 1129
Web links
- Biography of BMWroblewski
- Klaus A. Siebenrock Sir John Charnley - Pioneer of the artificial hip , 2008, pdf
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Charnley, John |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British surgeon and orthopedist |
DATE OF BIRTH | August 29, 1911 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Bury , Lancashire |
DATE OF DEATH | 5th August 1982 |
Place of death | Manchester |