John Hales (politician)

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John Hales (* around 1516; † December 26 or 28, 1572) was an English writer and politician at the time of the Tudors .

family

John Hales was a son of Thomas Hales' of High Halden , Kent, and the "daughter of Trefoy of Cornwall ." He had four brothers and sisters:

  • John Hales, who died with no offspring
  • Christopher Hales, married Mary Lucy, daughter of William Lucy, an Esquire , and Anne Fermors and sister of Thomas Lucy .
  • Bartholomew Hales († 1599), Esquire , married Mary Harper, daughter of George Harper († 12 December 1558) and his first wife, Lucy Peckham († 31 July 1552), daughter of Thomas Peckham.
  • Stephen Hales († March 27, 1574), Esquire , member of the London Tailors Guild , leader 1557, 1564 and 1565, one of the four founders of Merchant Taylors' School Northwood , married first Amy Morison, daughter Thomas Morisons and sister Richard Morisons , and later, before 1561, Bridget Over, widow John Nethermills and daughter Henry Overs.
  • Mildred Hales († 1596), married Thomas Docwra († 1602), their son, Thomas Docwra, married Jane Peryam, daughter of William Peryam .

Under Henry VIII.

John Hales' residence today

According to Ben Lowe's article in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Hales may have attended Oxford University , but largely taught himself Latin, Greek, Hebrew and law. After that he was with Christopher Hales , later Master of the Rolls , after nine years he quit own desire to serve there. Around 1535 he was employed by Thomas Cromwell . In 1537 he became a clerk at John Gostwick and around 1541 representative of the Clerk of the Hanaper , Ralph Sadler . In 1545 Hales and Sadler were called together. According to Bindoff (see the "Literature" section), records show that Hales carried the brunt of the work and additionally supported Sadler in his duties as part of the royal household, as Master of the Great Wardrobe .

On June 6, 1540, during the dissolution of the English monasteries , Hales bought the former Priory of St Mary Without Bishopsgate in London from Richard Morison for £ 500 and on December 16, 1544 from Ralph Sadler the former Whitefriars Convent in Coventry for £ 83 , 12 schillings and 6 pfennigs . Hales converted part of the Whitefriars into a residence and opened a high school in the previous choir . In 1545 he was given permission to build this free school as King Henry VIII School in the former St John's Hospital in Coventry.

Under Edward VI.

After King Edward VI. Accession to the throne In 1547, Hales was appointed Justice of the Peace of Middlesex and Warwickshire and became Preston's MP in Parliament.

Hales supported the economic policies of the new King's uncle, Edward Seymour . Above all, Hales was against land enclosures and is said to have called for their abolition most of all. However, he failed to have some reorganization measures decided in parliament. When Seymour was ousted in October 1549, Hales was imprisoned in the Tower , probably because of his support for Seymour. In 1550, he was released, gave his lands to his brother, Stephen, and Ralph Sadler and permission, England received on February 2, 1551 as a companion Richard Morison , who as ambassador to Emperor Charles V was sent to leave.

exile

Hales lived in Germany with his brother Christopher mainly in Frankfurt am Main until Elisabeth I ascended the throne. Meanwhile he made friends with Johannes Sturm .

Under Elizabeth I.

From January 1559 Hales was back in England and resumed his activity as Clerk of the Hanaper . Between 1563 and 1567 he was Member of Parliament for Lancaster.

However, Hales lost royal favor because he wrote a pamphlet called A Declaration of the Succession of the Crowne Imperiall of Inglande , in which he based the claim to the throne of the descendants of King Henry VIII's younger sister , Mary . Mary's granddaughter Catherine Gray had secretly married Edward Seymour , and Queen Elizabeth had both arrested. Hales took the position that Gray should be heir to the throne, the queen should die without descendants. Hales was then arrested. With William Cecil's help, Hales was released from prison in 1566 but remained under house arrest for the next four years.

Death and inheritance

The exact date of Hales' death is not known. According to Bindoff, he died on December 26, 1572, but according to Lowe, two days later on December 28. He was born in St Peter le Poer's Church on Broad Street, London.

Hales never married and bequeathed most of his property to his nephew John, son of his brother Christopher.

Works

Hales wrote Highway to Nobility around 1543, he also wrote Introductiones ad grammaticum (Latin for "introductions to grammar") for his newly founded school. In 1543 he published Precepts for the Preservation of Health (English for "regulations for the preservation of health"), a translation of a work by Plutarch .

literature

  • ST Bindoff: The House of Commons 1509-1558 . tape II . Secker and Warburg, London 1982 ( books.google.co.uk ).
  • John Burke, John Bernard Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England . Scott, Webster and Geary, London 1838, pp. 236–237 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • John Burke, John Bernard Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland and Scotland . 2nd Edition. John Russell Smith, London 1844, p. 372-373 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Henry Chauncey: The Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire . tape II . JM Mullinger, London 1826, p. 195-196 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Charles M. Clode: The Early History of the Guild of Merchant Taylors . Part 2. Harrison and Sons, London 1888, p. 159-161 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Edward Deacon: The Descent of the Family of Deacon of Elstowe and London . Part 2. Bridgeport CT 1898 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  • Henry Ellis: Original Letters Illustrative of English History . tape II . Harding and Lepard, London 1827 ( books.google.ca - Second Series).
  • GS Fry: Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem for the City of London . Volume XV, Part 1. London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, 1896, pp. 191-211 ( online ).
  • Christina Hallowell Garrett: The Marian Exiles; A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Puritanism . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1938, pp. 171-174 ( books.google.ca ).
  • R. Cox Hales: Archaeologia Cantiana . tape XIV . Kent Archaeological Society, London 1882, Brief notes on the Hales Family, p. 61-84 ( books.google.com ).
  • Joseph Jackson Howard: Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica . tape I . Hamilton, Adams, London 1874 ( books.google.ca - New Series).
  • E. Kimber, R. Johnson: The Baronetage of England . tape II . G. Woodfall, London 1771, p. 99-102 .
  • Ben Lowe: Hales, John (1516? –1572). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Volume 24: Grigg-Hanboys. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861374-1 , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  • George W. Marshall: La Neve's Pedigrees of the Knights . tape VIII . Harleian Society, London 1873 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Walter C. Metcalfe: The Visitations of Hertfordshire . Harleian Society, London 1886 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Walter C. Metcalfe: The Visitations of Northamptonshire . Harleian Society, London 1887 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  • William Pierce: A Historical Introduction to the Marprelate Tracts . Burt Franklin, New York 1908.
  • W. Reader: Documents Relating to the Family of Hales, of Coventry, and the Foundation of the Free School . In: John Gough Nichols (Ed.): The Topographer and Genealogist . tape I . Baywood Publishing, 1846, pp. 120-132 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  • William Thomas: The Antiquities of Warwickshire… by Sir William Dugdale . 2nd Edition. John Osborn and Thomas Longman, London 1730 ( books.google.ca ).
  • Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society: Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society (=  3rd series . Volume V ). Adnitt and Naunton, Shrewsbury 1905, pp. 324 ( books.google.ca ).

Note
This article contains text translated in part directly from the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica in the public domain .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Howard: Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica. 1874, p. 69; Hales: Archaeologia Cantiana. 1882, p. 62; Burke, Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England. 1838, pp. 236-237.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Ben Lowe: Hales, John (1516? –1572). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Volume 24: Grigg-Hanboys. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861374-1 , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004, accessed January 19, 2020.
  3. ^ Deacon: The Descent of the Family of Deacon of Elstowe and London. 1898, p. 80; Thomas: The Antiquities of Warwickshire… by Sir William Dugdale. 1730, p. 506; Garrett: The Marian Exiles; A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Puritanism. 1938, p. 171; Metcalfe: The Visitations of Northamptonshire. 1887, pp. 19, 32.
  4. ↑ According to Sir George Harper's biography in the History of Parliament , Richard Morison was the real father of Lucy Peckhames. These children are said to be Marcellus Harper († February 1, 1559); Frances, who married William Patrickson; Mary, who married Bartholomew Hales; Anne, who died unmarried; Fry: Abstracts of Inquisitiones Post Mortem for the City of London. 1896.
  5. ↑ Clode: The Early History of the Guild of Merchant Taylors. 1888, pp. 159-61.
  6. ^ Burke, Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England. 1838, pp. 236-7, 372-373; Marshall: La Neve's Pedigrees of the Knights. 1873, p. 29; Kimber, Johnson: The Baronetage of England. 1771, p. 102.
  7. ^ Chauncey: The Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire. 1826, p. 195; Metcalfe: The Visitations of Hertfordshire. 1886, p. 48.
  8. ^ Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society: Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. 1905, p. 324.
  9. ↑ Unclear whether uncle or more distant relative
  10. ↑ a b c Bindoff: The House of Commons 1509–1558. 1982, p. 276.
  11. ^ Folger Shakespeare Library, Guide to the Loseley Collection , (1955/2000), 87, Lb479.
  12. ^ Reader: Documents Relating to the Family of Hales, of Coventry, and the Foundation of the Free School. 1846, p. 122; Bindoff: The House of Commons 1509-1558. 1982, p. 276.
  13. ↑ Hales, John . [politician] . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 12 : Gichtel - harmonium . London 1910, p. 834 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
  14. ↑ a b c Bindoff: The House of Commons 1509–1558. 1982, p. 277.
  15. ^ "We Few of an Infinite Multitude": John Hales, Parliament, and the Gendered Politics of the Early Elizabethan Succession. In: JSTOR. Retrieved June 3, 2015 .
  16. ^ Reader: Documents Relating to the Family of Hales, of Coventry, and the Foundation of the Free School. 1846, p. 126.
  17. ↑ Garrett: The Marian Exiles; A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Puritanism. 1938, p. 174.
personal data
SURNAME Hales, John
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English politician and writer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1516
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1572 or December 28, 1572