José Bernardo Escobar

José Bernardo Escobar (born October 20, 1797 in Jocotán, then Corregimiento de Chiquimula , † March 20, 1849 in El Salvador ) was President of Guatemala from November 28, 1848 to January 18, 1849 .

Life

Escobar married María Teresa Escolástica de Jesús Márquez de León y del Rosal on November 11, 1828 in the Cathedral of Antigua-Guatemala. Their children were José Bernando, Maria Teresa, Manuel José, Rafael María, Maria Felipa Magdalena, José María and Maximino Escobar y Marquez. Escobar studied law with a degree from the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala . From 1825 to 1829 he was Secretary of the Parliaments of Guatemala Province. As a lawyer, he spent much time in the judiciary. José Bernardo Escobar was a member of the Partido Liberal . Escobar was presiding judge of the Supreme Court of Guatemala in 1831.

He was a delegate from Chiquimula to a constituent assembly, impressed by his eloquence and was chairman of this assembly from 1823 to March 25, 1824.

Auditor de Guerra

The office of Auditor de Guerra originated in colonial Latin America; in times of war it sometimes had functions of the oidores . As Auditor de Guerra example occurred Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Aviles in the case of Bernabé Somoza on. On December 7, 1831 Escobar was appointed by the Supremo Jefe of the Province of Guatemala José Mariano Felipe Gálvez as Auditor de Guerra on the separatists of Los Altos (Central America) . In 1838 the split from the Parliament of the Central American Confederation in San Salvador , which was dominated by the Partido Liberal , was sanctioned by a decree. In contrast, the Parliament of the Province of Guatemala, which is dominated by the Partido Conservador (Moderados), declared the secession to be unconstitutional.

In 1839 he became a member of parliament. From June 8, 1839, he resigned as a member of Parliament to devote himself to his election campaign in the Quezaltepeque and Esquipulas districts. On March 17, 1845, he was elected to a constituent assembly for Chimaltenango, an office he did not hold because he resigned on April 8, 1845. He explained: "I have no understanding of how Volk and José Rafael Carrera Turcios , in March 1844, deal with the constitution in pursuing their plans, so I do not consider myself suitable to act as representatives of the law.

After José Rafael Carrera Turcios declared Guatemala an independent republic on March 21, 1847, General Vicente Cruz began an army uprising in Antigua Guatemala. General Vicente Cruz was President of Guatemala from January 25 to February 4, 1847. Carrera was again President of Guatemala from February 4, 1847 to August 16, 1848. From August 16, 1848 to November 28, 1848 Juan Antonio Martínez was President of Guatemala.

Presidency

On November 28, 1848, the Parliament of Guatemala elected Escobar President of the Republic of Guatemala. His deputy was General Vicente Cruz. On December 1, 1848, General Vicente Cruz and his troops approached Pinula from San José and made an offer in a letter that in the event of a surrender of Guatemala City without a fight , the lives and haciendas would be respected, except those of the Molinas, the Arrivillagas, the Vidaurres, Manuel Dardón, Juan Antonio Martínez, the Zepedas and José Francisco Barrundia. Escobar turned down this offer of surrender.

Palencia, was at this point in the hands of General Serapio Cruz, the brother of Vicente Cruz, who repeated his offer of surrender on December 12, 1848. Escobar had neither finances nor troops, chose the path of negotiation and sent numerous negotiating delegations, to which the Archbishop of the Diocese of Guatemala City Dr. Francisco de Paula García Peláez belonged. Eventually Vicente Cruz agreed to negotiations. One of the proposals revived a liberal idea: the government is withdrawing its occupation troops from Los Altos so that the peoples there can determine their future and not be disturbed in anything. Escobar rejected this liberal demand in favor of a larger territory of Guatemala. The negotiations seemed to fail and Escobar was looking for a political solution: he appointed War Minister Basilio Porras from Foreign Minister and Lieutenant Colonel of the Pioneers Manuel José Narciso de Jonama y Bellsolar as Minister of War, who, although he had been retired since 1829, on the one hand still had sympathy with the Liberals and on the other hand was a personal friend of Carrera. When this did not help either, Escobar requested his resignation on December 30, 1848. On January 3, 1849, Manuel Tejada was elected President of Guatemala by parliament, he slept one night over this proposal and resigned on January 4, 1848. In early 1848, the parliament elected Colonel Mariano Paredes as president, who put down the Los Altos uprising.

Escobar handed over the vacant presidency to Mariano Paredes on January 18, 1849 and went into exile in El Salvador. In his presidency he rejected the demands of the Cruz and also disregarded the statutes of the Partido Liberal to which an independent Los Altos belonged. Both groups are suspected of murdering Escobar with poison.

Vicente Cruz recognized the government of Mariano Paredes and came to Guatemala on February 9, 1849, while his brother Serapino Cruz and other chiefs stayed outside. Vicente Cruz was fatally hit by a bullet on March 20, 1849 during a fight against the group around Agustin Perez.

Successor in the presidency

• On January 3, 1849, Manuel Tejada was President of Guatemala.
• Coronel Mariano Paredes was President of Guatemala from January 18, 1849 to May 5, 1849.
• From May 5, 1849 to May 12, 1849, Guatemala was ruled by a triumvirate made up of Juan Matheu, Manuel de Cerezo and Francisco Cáscara.
• Coronel Mariano Paredes was President of Guatemala from May 12, 1849 to November 6, 1849.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ en: San José Pinula
2. ↑ en: Palencia, Guatemala
3. ↑ en: Hubert Howe Bancroft , HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA | content | c 5 p.79-107 | c 8 p.145-164 | c12 p.238-263 | c 13 p.264-284 | c 14 p.285-308 | c17 p.347-370 | c18 p.371-391 | c19 p.392-412 , THE HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS SAN FRANCISCO, 1887 page 277

predecessor	Office	successor
Juan Antonio Martínez	Presidents of Guatemala November 28, 1848 - January 18, 1849	Mariano Paredes (politician)