José Santos Lombardo y Alvarado

José Santos Lombardo y Alvarado (born November 1, 1775 in Cartago , Costa Rica; † May 25, 1829 there ) was President of Costa Rica from January to March 1823 .

Life

His parents were María Lucía Guadalupe de Alvarado Guevara, widowed by Felipe Gallegos y Trigo and Pedro Lombardo y Ramos. His maternal half-brother was José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado . José Santos Lombardo y Alvarado married Micaela López-Conejo y Guzmán-Portocarrero (* 1779 - 22 February 1839 in Cartago) on January 23, 1794, the daughter of María Paula de Guzmán-Portocarrero y Garlindo and Diego José López-Conejo y La Riva-Aguero. In this marriage two daughters Francisca de Paula de Jesús and Ramona Dolores de las Mercedes and a son were born who died in their childhood.

José Santos Lombardo y Alvarado studied humanities in León (Nicaragua) .

He became a lecturer in Cartago and San José and was interested in education throughout his life. In 1827 he was appointed rector of the Casa de Enseñanza de Santo Tomás, a predecessor institute of the Universidad de Santo Tomás (1843–1888).

He wrote a catechism on forms of government.

Economic activity

With his half-brother José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado, he was involved in a company with real estate funds , with a transport company, which was the first to exploit the gold finds from Monte del Aguacate .

In the Spanish colonial administration

From 1799 to 1802, he was the governor of San José. From 1803 to 1813 he was Escribano Público (Secretary) of Cartago. In 1803 and from 1818 to 1819 he was the second mayor of Cartago. In 1812 and 1816 he was the first mayor of Cartago. In 1819 he was governor of Costa Rica Juan de Dios de Ayala y Toledo during his illness, executive regent of the province of Costa Rica. In 1820 he was Procurador Síndico , one of the sole deputy managing directors of the royal administration of Cartago.

Activity in the years of independence

When he learned on the morning of October 29, 1821 that the authorities of the provinces of Nicaragua and Costa Rica had declared independence from Spain since October 11, 1821, he took over the command of the garrison of Cartago and thus prevented the subordinate Jefe Político Juan Manuel de Cañas-Trujillo opposed this decision.

He represented Cartago at the Junta de Legados de los Pueblos which the priest Nicolás Carrillo y Aguirre presided over. Nicolás Carrillo y Aguirre ruled from November to December 1821.

Politically, he defined himself as a liberal monarchist.

President of the Junta Superior Gubernativa

In December 1822 he was elected to the Junta Superior Gubernativa , in which he took over offices in 1823. When the Junta Superior Gubernativa took over the business of government on January 1, 1823 , he was elected its chairman.

A constituent assembly was convened during his tenure and he was elected as a member. On March 8, 1823, this parliament declared the separation of Costa Rica from the Mexican Empire, to which it had been annexed under Agustín de Itúrbide . The Junta de Legados de los Pueblos had sent delegates to the Congreso Constituyente de México in 1821 . This parliament issued a new constitution in 1823, on the basis of which the Junta Gubernativa was dissolved and was replaced from March 20 by a triumvirate chaired by Rafael Francisco Osejo.

After the presidency

From March 20-29, 1823 he was Commander-in-Chief of the Army. From this office he was overthrown by a monarchist coup led by Joaquín de Oreamuno y Muñoz de la Trinidad and imprisoned in San José, placed unconstitutionally in ankle shackles and accused of collaborating with the monarchists. A related tribunal acquitted him of all allegations.

He resumed his delegate mandate to the Constituent Assembly of 1823. He was also a delegate at the constituent assembly from 1824 to 1825. In 1825 the conservative groups put him up as a candidate for deputy president. In the vote, he was narrowly beaten by his half-brother José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado.

In 1826 he was elected judge at the Supreme Court of Costa Rica, but he did not accept the office.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ricardo Fernández Guardia, La independencia: historia de Costa Rica , EUNED, 1971, 162, p. 8.

predecessor	Office	successor
Rafael Barroeta y Castilla	Presidents of Costa Rica January 1, 1823 - March 20, 1823	Rafael Francisco Osejo