Josef Schächter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Josef Schächter (1952)

Josef Schächter (born September 16, 1901 in Kudrynce , Galicia ; died March 27, 1994 in Haifa ) was an Austrian rabbi , philosopher and participant in the Vienna Circle from 1925 to 1936.

Life

Josef Schächter was the son of Shoel Schächter and Sarah, geb. Distenfield. He trained as a rabbi and was ordained in 1926. From 1922 to 1929 and 1935 to 1938 he worked as a Talmud teacher at the Hebrew Pedagogy in Vienna. At the same time he studied philosophy as a student of Moritz Schlick , with whom he received his dissertation in 1931 with the thesis "Critical representation of N. Hartmanns 'Basic features of a metaphysics of knowledge'". From 1925 to 1936 Schächter was a member of the Vienna Circle . His work Prolegomena on a critical grammar appeared with a preface by Schlick in the context of the writings on the scientific world view . After Schlick's murder, Schächter took over the management of philosophical seminars on behalf of Friedrich Waismann .

Schächter emigrated to Palestine in 1938 and then taught at secondary schools, first in Tel Aviv until 1940 and in Haifa until 1950. In 1943 he married the teacher Netti Dlugacz. In 1951 and 1952 he worked as a school inspector in the Israeli school system. He later worked as a lecturer for the Bible and Aggada at the teachers' college in Haifa. In the early 1950s, a group of his students founded the “Yodefat” kibbutz in Galilee to put Schächer's teachings into practice.

Schächter was a member of the Association of writers Hebrews in Israel, the Israeli PEN. He was awarded the Ruppin Prize by the city of Haifa . He published numerous writings on classical Judaism, on language, meaning and belief in the context of science and religion.

Works (selection)

  • Critical presentation of N. Hartmanns 'Basic features of a metaphysics of knowledge'. Diss., Vienna 1931.
  • Prolegomena to a critical grammar (= writings on the scientific world view, 10), Vienna 1935.
  • Mavo Kazar L'Logistikah (A brief introduction to logistics [Hebrew]), with a foreword by Hugo Bermann, Vienna 1937.
  • The sense of pessimistic sentences. In: Synthesis. 3, 1938, pp. 223-233.
  • About understanding , in: Synthesis 8, 1950/51, pp. 367-384.
  • The Task of the Modern Intellectual. In: An Anthology of Hebrew Essays II , 1966, pp. 299-310.
  • With Heinrich Melzer: About physicalism. In: B. McGuinness (Ed.), Back to Schlick. A reassessment of work and effect. Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1985, pp. 92-103.

literature

  • Josef Schächter . In: Walther Killy , Rudolf Vierhaus (Hrsg.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (DBE) . 1st edition. tape 8 : Plett – Schmidseder . KG Saur, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-598-23168-7 , p. 545 .
  • Schächter, Josef, Jewish theologian, philosopher . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 8 : Poethen – Schlueter . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-094025-1 , p. 733 ( books.google.de - limited preview).
  • Friedrich Stadler : Studies on the Vienna Circle. Origin, Development and Effect of Logical Empiricism in Context. Suhrkamp. Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 978-3-319-16047-4 , pp. 773-774 (short biography and bibliography by Schächter).
  • Moritz Schlick : “Preface” [in: Josef Schächter, Prolegomena to a critical grammar], in: Moritz Schlick Complete Edition, Division I, Volume 6, Die Wiener Zeit , ed. v. Johannes Friedl, Heiner Rutte, pp. 635-642.
  • Josef Schächter: Prolegomena to a Critical Grammar. Foreword by JF Staal. Reidel, Dordrecht-Boston 1973.
  • Friedrich Waismann, Josef Schächter and Moritz Schlick: Ethics and the Will. Essays. Ed. And with an introduction by Brian McGuinness and Joachim Schulte , Kluwer, Dordrecht-Boston-London 1994.
  • JS Diamond: Josef Schächter: An Approach to ›Jewish Consciousness‹. In: Reconstructionist. Annual Israel Issue 30, 1964, pp. 17-24.
  • Volker Thurm (Ed.): Vienna and the Vienna Circle: Places of an Unfinished Modern Age; an accompanying book , with collaborators. by Elisabeth Nemeth, series of scientific world views and art; Sonderbd., WUV, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-85114-777-4 , p. 348 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Moritz Schlick , "Preface [in: Josef Schächter, Prolegomena to a critical grammar]", in: Moritz Schlick Complete Edition, Division I, Volume 6, Die Wiener Zeit (edited by Johannes Friedl, Heiner Rutte), p. 635 -642.
  2. ^ A b Friedrich Stadler : Studies on the Vienna Circle. Origin, Development and Effect of Logical Empiricism in Context. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1997. p. 773. Revised new edition under the title: The Vienna Circle. Origin, Development and Effect of Logical Empiricism in Context. Springer International Publishing, Cham 2015, ISBN 978-3-319-16047-4 , p. 499 f .; limited preview in Google Book search
  3. ↑ Schaechter, Josef In: Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss : Biographical Handbook of German-speaking Emigration after 1933. Volume 2, Saur, Munich 1983.
personal data
SURNAME Schächter, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian rabbi, philosopher and participant in the Vienna Circle (1925–1936)
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Kudrynce , Galicia
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 1994
Place of death Haifa