Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez
María Josefa Crescencia Ortiz de Domínguez (born April 19, 1773 in Mexico City , † March 2, 1829 in Mexico City), better known by her nickname La Corregidora , is a Mexican national heroine who fought for the independence of Mexico from Spain has earned great merit.
Life
Birth and marriage
Josefa Ortiz was born in Morelia in 1768 as the daughter of Captain Juan José Ortiz and his wife Manuela Girón y Calderón . However, according to some historians, she was born in Mexico City. Both parents died early, and so Josefa Ortiz grew up primarily under the care of her older sister Maria Sotero Ortiz. In May 1789 Josefa took a place at the prestigious Royal School of San Ignacio de Loyola, which was better known as the Colegio de las Vizcaínas (Biscay School for Girls). The licentiate Miguel Domínguez also regularly traveled there . It sparked immediately between the two, and in 1791 she dropped out of school at the age of 23 and they made the bond of marriage.
La Corregidora
At the beginning of 1802 Domínguez was appointed corregidor of the city of Santiago de Querétaro , which corresponds to a magistrate title or a bailiff. Accordingly, his wife Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez was known as Corregidora (office woman).
The Querétaro conspiracy
She was one of the growing number of dissatisfied Creoles (Spanish: criollos , descendants of Spanish immigrants born in Mexico) who were treated with disdain by immigrants born in Spain. A considerable resistance formed, which had a decisive source in Querétaro.
Presumably without her husband's knowledge, Doña Josefa received some important personalities in their common house under the pretext of a literary club who shared this view and were anxious to achieve the independence of Mexico from Spain. A close circle of conspiracies developed, including the clergyman Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and the army captain Ignacio Allende . Soon the home of the Domínguez family was the focus of revolutionary conspiracy activities and played a crucial role in the preparation for the War of Independence. The conspirators had planned to start the armed uprising on October 1, 1810; on September 10, however, their plan was betrayed to the Spanish.
Ortiz's husband, Miguel Domínguez, received orders to arrest the rioters. He had a suspect's home searched and several conspirators arrested. Doña Josefa stayed under the supervision of her domestic servants in the Domínguez house and from there was able to send a messenger to Dolores to Miguel Hidalgo, who on September 16 gave the population the Grito de Dolores ('Scream of Dolores' or 'Scream of Pain') gathered behind them and took up the fight against the Spaniards.
After the Spanish crushed the first wave of the uprising, the Domínguez couple were arrested in 1813. While her husband was soon released, the Spanish imprisoned Josefa Ortiz in the monastery of St. Theresa in Mexico City. Her husband also moved to Mexico City to support her and give her legal advice. After the return of the Spanish King Ferdinand from Napoleonic captivity in 1814, Domínguez applied for clemency from Viceroy Juan Ruiz de Apodaca , who released her in June 1817.
death
Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez died on March 2, 1829 of complications from pleurisy in Mexico City, where she was also buried. Her remains were later transferred to Querétaro.
National heroine of Mexico
Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez is one of the greatest national heroines in the history of Mexico. Her likeness appeared repeatedly on official coins and banknotes, although her real name is not regularly mentioned in the associated description, but her much better known nickname La Corregidora (see photo above). The football stadium in Querétaro was named in her honor under the same name .
literature
- Isidro Vizcaya Canales: En los albores de la Independencia: Las Provincias Internas durante la insurrección de don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, 1810–1811 . Fondo Editorial Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico 2005, ISBN 970-9715-04-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed February 3, 2016]).
- Alejandro Villaseñor y Villaseñor: Biographies de los heroes y caudillos de la Independencia . Imprenta de "El Tiempo" de Victoriano Agüeros, Mexico City, Mexico 1910 ( UNAM Online [accessed February 14, 2016]).
Web links
- Biography at Mexconnect (English)
- Short biography for Women's Day (Spanish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Baptismal certificate of the girl María Josefa Ortiz . Facsimile from: Gabriel Agraz García de Alba. Los corregidores Don Miguel Domínguez y Doña María Josefa Ortiz y el inicio de la independencia . México, self-published by the author. 1992, p. 15
- ↑ The baptism certificate shown at García de Alba comes from baptismal register 14 of the parish of San Miguel Arcángel in Mexico City. Source: Carmen Saucedo Zarco: Josefa Ortiz: su origen y fecha de nacimiento on chihuahuamexico.com . The text, which is difficult to read in the handwritten original, is also reproduced there.
- ^ Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, biografía de La Corregidora. July 14, 2010, accessed February 26, 2020 (Spanish).
- ↑ The cited report from http://www.mexconnect.com/ (see sources) explains this title as "a magistrate in colonial Spain", the website specializing in vocabulary http://dict.leo.org/ translates this term ( on June 9, 2009) with "Amtmann".
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ortiz de Domínguez, Josefa |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | La Corregidora |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mexican national heroine |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 19, 1773 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mexico city |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 2, 1829 |
| Place of death | Mexico city |