Joseph A. Becker

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Joseph "Joe" Adam Becker (born January 24, 1897 in the Saar region , † before July 13, 1961 ) was an American physicist.

Life

When he was three years old, he followed his parents Nicholas and Katherine (Paulus) Becker to the United States. From 1903 he attended St. Nicholas School in Brooklyn , from 1910 the Newtown High School in Elmhurst and studied 1914–1918 at Cornell University in Ithaca. After earning his BS, he worked at the National Bureau of Standards and for the Westinghouse Electric Company . After graduating from Cornell in 1922 with a Ph.D. with his work The Effect Of The Magnetic Field On The Absorption Of X-Rays , he worked for two years as a research fellow at the California Institute of Technology . During his student days, he was also the editor of The Sibley Journal of Engineering .

Around 1924/25 he became a Research Physicist at Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) in New York City . He initially worked in the field of X-rays, magnetism, thermal emission and adsorption, as well as on oxide-coated filaments. He later turned to semiconductors for varistors and thermistors . Copper was the then best-known semiconductor and he tried along with Harald Friis also Russell Ohl to convince to do research on this material. On August 1, 1929, Walter Brattain came into his laboratory and examined copper oxide rectifiers. From 1932 he worked with Brattain and Gerald Pearson on varistors. Becker received 15 patents.

He served as an advisor to the National Research Council and in the Office of Scientific Research and Development during World War II . In 1928 he was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society and in 1943 a Fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE). From 1953 he worked with CD Hartman on the field electron microscope . After retiring from BTL, he taught at Texas A&M College . He wrote for the Review of Scientific Instruments and was a member of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science .

Publications

  • The Life History of Adsorbed Atoms, Ions, and Molecules . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 58 , no. 6 , 1954, pp. 723-740 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1749-6632.1954.tb45870.x .
  • Thermionic and Adsorption Characteristics of Cesium on Tungsten and Oxidized Tungsten . In: Physical Review . tape 28 , no. 2 , August 1, 1926, p. 341-361 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.28.341 .
  • with Donald W. Mueller: On Electrical Fields near Metallic Surfaces . In: Physical Review . tape 31 , no. 3 , March 1, 1928, p. 431-440 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.31.431 .
  • with WH Brattain: The Thermionic Work Function and the Slope and Intercept of Richardson Plots . In: Physical Review . tape 45 , no. 10 , May 15, 1934, p. 694-705 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.45.694 .
  • Thermionic Electron Emission and Adsorption Part I. Thermionic Emission . In: Reviews of Modern Physics . tape 7 , no. 2 , April 1, 1935, p. 95-128 , doi : 10.1103 / RevModPhys.7.95 .
  • Structure and Properties of Solid Surfaces . University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952.
  • with Irving Langmuir : Thermionic phenomena . Pergamon Press, Oxford [a. a.] 1961.

literature

  • The American Catholic Who's who. 1939, p. 18.
  • Bell Laboratories Record. Volume 33, 1955, p. 5.
  • JA Becker, RG Brandes: A Favorable Condition for Seeing Simple Molecules in a Field Emission Microscope . In: Journal of Applied Physics . tape 27 , no. 3 , 1956, pp. 221-223 , doi : 10.1063 / 1.1722348 .
  • JA Becker, CD Hartman: Field Emission Microscope and Flash Filament Techniques for the Study of Structure and Adsorption on Metal Surfaces . In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry . tape 57 , no. 2 , February 1953, p. 153-159 , doi : 10.1021 / j150503a006 .
  • JE Brittain: Becker and Shive on the transistor . In: Proceedings of the IEEE . tape 72 , no. December 12 , 1984, pp. 1695-1695 , doi : 10.1109 / PROC.1984.13075 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Obituary nytimes.com, July 13, 1961, accessed January 31, 2014, English, fee-based
  2. ↑ J. A Becker: The effect of the magnetic field on the absorption of X-rays . Year = 1,922 ( archive.org - Thesis (Ph. D.) - Cornell University, 1922). See also: Joseph A. Becker: The Effect of the Magnetic Field on the Absorption of X-Rays . In: Physical Review . tape 20 , no. 2 , August 1, 1922, p. 134-147 , doi : 10.1103 / PhysRev.20.134 .
personal data
SURNAME Becker, Joseph A.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Becker, Joseph Adam (full name); Becker, Joe Adam (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Saar region
DATE OF DEATH before July 13, 1961