Joseph Bienaimé Caventou

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Bienaimé Caventou

Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (born June 30, 1795 in Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais) , † May 5, 1877 in Paris ) was a French chemist , pharmacist and toxicologist .

Caventou was the son of an army pharmacist and trained as a pharmacist in Paris. He studied at the School of Pharmacy, served as a military pharmacist in Holland in 1815 and became a pharmacist at the Hôpital Saint-Antoine in 1816 . From 1826 he taught at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie , where he became an associate professor of chemistry from 1830 and professor of toxicology in 1835.

He worked closely with Pierre Joseph Pelletier . Together they isolated, among other things, the active ingredient that turns the leaves of plants green and called it chlorophyll . They then turned to isolating the substances responsible for their effects in poisonous plants. They developed processes to isolate these active substances - which they called alkalis . One of their successes in 1818 was the isolation of strychnine from the common nugget and Ignatius' nuke . They experienced their greatest success with the isolation of quinine from cinchona bark . The Académie des Sciences awarded them a prize of 10,000 francs. Caventou also built a quinine factory in Paris.

With Pelletier he also isolated carminic acid from cochineal scallops and crotonic acid from croton seeds, from the autumn crocus colchicine and from sabadill seeds veratrine . In 1821 they found caffeine independently of Pierre Jean Robiquet and Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge . In 1873 Caventou isolated butadiene from coal tar.

The lunar crater Caventou is named after him.

Fonts

  • Nouvelle nomenclature chimique 1816
  • Mémoire sur un nouvel alcali végétal (la strychnin) trouvé dans la féve de Saint-Ignace. La noix vomique. In: Journal de pharmacie et des sciences accessories. Volume 5, (Paris) 1819, pp. 145-174.
  • with Pelletier: Traité elementaire de pharmacie theorique 1821
  • Analysis chimique de quinquina, 1827

literature

  • Winfried Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller Lexicon of important chemists , Harri Deutsch 1989.
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Caventou, Joseph Bienaimée. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 234.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Caventou, Joseph Bienaimee. 2005, p. 234.
personal data
SURNAME Caventou, Joseph Bienaimé
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French chemist and pharmacist
DATE OF BIRTH June 30, 1795
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint-Omer
DATE OF DEATH May 5, 1877
Place of death Paris