Juvenile detention center
A juvenile prison , colloquially called juvenile prison , is a penal institution in which juveniles and adolescent offenders are incarcerated up to the age of 24 (Section 114 of the Youth Courts Act). In addition, there are special departments for young people in adult institutions, most of which are used to carry out pre- trial detention ; In this context, reference should also be made to the female juvenile prisoners, for whom, due to their small number, there are usually no separate juvenile prison facilities.
differentiation
In contrast to a prison sentence , when serving a youth sentence in a juvenile detention center, great emphasis is placed on training and supporting the prisoners. The idea of upbringing should take precedence over punishment, since young people can normally still be influenced by educational measures. A distinction is made between closed execution, open execution and juvenile detention in free forms (e.g. in Seehaus Leonberg or Seehaus Leipzig) or in the Chance project . As an exception, an adolescent who can no longer be reached with the measures of juvenile prison and exerts destructive influence on his fellow prisoners can be excluded from juvenile prison and transferred to an adult institution.
history
The Reich Criminal Code of 1871 already had a provision for the separation of young people and adults in prisons, but this was not applied in practice. The beginnings of the first independent juvenile prison in Prussia in the late Empire lie in Wittlich . The Wittlich youth prison was put into service in 1912 and organized according to the Anglo-American conception of the gradual prison system, which was then considered progressive (with gradual relaxation ). Only male offenders between the ages of 18 and 21 who had to serve at least one year of imprisonment were accommodated in the institution. Inmates between the ages of 12 and 18 were amazingly locked in the neighboring men's prison. Despite this fact, the Wittlich juvenile prison was regarded as a model example of the educationally organized juvenile prison system in Prussia until the Weimar Republic.
Treatment implementation
The aim of the execution is rehabilitation . The educational influence takes place mainly through socio-educational and psychotherapeutic measures. The educational program is intended to enable inmates to lead a life free from punishment and drugs in the future. As a rule, the offenders are cared for in residential groups .
Legal situation
The Federal Constitutional Court , however, complained in 2006 the lack of legal basis for juvenile justice. In the opinion of the highest German court, the previous mere support based on the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Juvenile Court Act as well as on the Prison Act is not sufficient precisely because of the special educational mandate of juvenile prisoners and the special life situation of adolescents.
Since January 1, 2008, the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia has had its own youth penal law. It thus replaces all previous transitional provisions. In terms of content, it is based on the Prison Act, but is adapted to the special requirements of juvenile prisoners.
everyday life
Everyday life in a youth detention center can typically be as follows: the young people are woken up at 6:45 a.m. and work starts at 7:30 a.m. Lunch is served around 11:20 a.m., workers' time off at 3:15 p.m. and dinner is served at 5:00 p.m. The cells are then included until the next morning. Courtyard and training rooms are also available. About half of all inmates experienced physical violence within a month.
See also
- Hameln youth institution
- Adelsheim correctional facility
- Pforzheim correctional facility
- Former state prison Schwäbisch Hall (to the "Hall model")
Individual evidence
- ↑ Seehaus eV - Wahr.Haft.Leben. Juvenile detention in free forms. In: seehaus-ev.de. Retrieved February 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Bullying, rape, beatings. Lower Saxony's Minister of Justice: "A prison is not a girls' pension". In: tagesspiegel.de. August 16, 2012, accessed February 17, 2018 .
