Legal training in Baden

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The legal training in Baden in the 19th century is important because lawyers held all important positions in state administration within the significantly enlarged state.

Initially, the training continued to follow the ordinance of May 11, 1789 and the 5th edict of organization of 1803 summarized the regulations for legal studies and the state examination .

Study of law

The following legal courses had to be taken in a three-and-a-half year course: Latin and German private law , criminal law , imperial and German legal history , constitutional law , canon and feudal law , as well as civil and criminal procedural law . Without a formal qualification, the university only had to provide proof of course attendance for admission to the state examination. Most of the lawyers accepted into the Baden civil service studied at one of the two state universities in Heidelberg and Freiburg .

State examination

The state examination of the legal candidates has been accepted in writing by the court courts (in Freiburg im Breisgau , Rastatt , Mannheim and Meersburg ) since 1803 . From 1824 it was organized twice a year directly by the Ministry of Justice. From 1853 the second state examination was introduced, which followed the internship after the first state examination. The grading consisted of excellent , sufficient and poorly qualified for those who had passed and not qualified for those who failed . The law candidates who had passed the state examination were appointed law interns.

internship

In the 18th century, unpaid work for the authorities as an internship and first job was common. Since more and more interns could not afford unpaid employment in the first half of the 19th century, low-paid internship positions were gradually introduced. Since significantly more legal interns applied for government employment than there were vacancies, the internship was extended to two years. The stations of the internship could be all offices of the lower administrative level. After the two-year internship, the second state examination took place, which included the concrete work of the administration.

employment

On the basis of the examinations and the certificates from the previous internship, the ministry decided on admission to the higher civil service. Most of the applicants found their employment in the numerous district offices of the country, initially as a bailiff and second civil servant and after successful promotion as senior bailiff and board member.

literature

  • Bernd Wunder: The Baden civil service between the Confederation of the Rhine and the founding of the Empire (1806–1871). Service law, pension, training, career, social profile and political stance. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-17-014379-4 , pp. 282-292.