Küçük Kızılören Hanı
Coordinates: 37 ° 53 ′ 48 " N , 32 ° 9 ′ 52" E
The Küçük Kızılören Hanı (German: "Little Kizilören Han") is a Seljuk caravanserai in the Turkish province of Konya in Anatolia .
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location
The Küçük Kızılören Hanı is located near the village of Kızılören in the area of the municipality of Meram in the district of the same name, south of the national road D 330 between Beyşehir and Konya . Coming from Konya, turn left into a small dirt road after 39 km and reach Kızılören Hanı after 200 m . There you turn north on the dirt road. The Han is on a small hill with no road leading to it. When it was built, it was close to the historic Via Sebastia from Isparta to Konya. The Han can only be viewed from the outside at the moment (2020). The next Han in the direction of Konya was the Altinapa Han (today lying in the Altinapa Reservoir ) after thirteen kilometers and in the direction of Beyşehir the Kuruçeşme Hanı, of which the exact location is no longer known.
Surname
Today the Han is called like the nearest settlement Kızılören (German: "red ruin"), which is about two kilometers away today. He is also known under the name Küçük Kızılviran Hanı . Kızılviran is the synonymous former place name of Kızılören. The "red" refers to the color of Hans' stones. The original name of Hans is unknown. In studies from 1992, the small Han was referred to as the "building next to the Kızılören Hanı". In the past, the Han was equated with the Kuruçeşme Hanı. However, new research has shown that the Kuruçeşme Hanı is about 15 km further southwest.
history
To this day, it is still unknown who the client and the architect were. Due to the way the building was constructed and the techniques used, it is assumed that it was built at the beginning of the 13th century; probably under the Seljuq rulers Kai Kaus I. (Turkish: I. İzzedin Keykavus ) or Kai Kobat (Turkish: Alaeddin Keykubad ). The construction probably took place shortly after the completion of the Kızılören Hanı.
Over the centuries, the han lost its importance and the caravanserai gradually fell into disrepair. Since the Han was away from settlements, he was spared the fate of serving as a quarry for other buildings (as happened, for example, with the Eğirdir-Han ). Gertrude Bell's travel records from 1907 show that the Han was already in ruins at the beginning of the 20th century . The residents of the area used the Han as an emergency shelter and as a stable for their animals. Even Rudolf Meyer Riefenstahl talks in 1930 by a ruin. From April 2008 to June 2009 the Han was renovated together with the Kızılören Hanı for the equivalent of one million euros (conversion based on 2008).
architecture
The Han is a rectangular structure with a width of almost 15 m and a length of 21 m. This makes it one of the smallest Seljuk Hane. The usual division into summer courtyard and winter hall is also missing.
The entrance faces north-north-east and is very simple. The front gate is about 4.5 m wide and crowned by a low Seljuk arch without ornamentation. The gate itself is only 1.5 m wide and was designed in such a way that, when it was locked, it could only be opened from the inside.
The main room was originally divided into two levels; the first floor is missing today. The room is supported by a two-aisled barrel vault , which is supported in the middle by three low column arches.
The windows are noticeable. Instead of the usual narrow slit windows, four asymmetrically arranged rectangular, relatively large windows - one per nave on the south wall and one each on the east and west walls - illuminate the room.
The walls consist of roughly hewn rows of sedimentary stones, which were filled in the middle with mortar and rubble stones, some with sedimentary rock. The top half of the wall was supplemented with cut limestone during the renovation. The roof is not - as is usually the case with a Han - a flat stone roof, but a slightly inclined roof made of sheet metal and tar paper, which was probably put on during the renovation for cost reasons.
ornament
The Han does not contain any decorations from the Seljuk period. A typical Seljuk muqarna decoration is missing, as is spolia in the masonry. During the renovation in 2008, a white marble plaque was placed over the gate, but without an inscription. Inside there is a mihrāb (prayer niche) from the Seljuk period on the east corner in the right nave . However, it was knocked out by treasure robbers at the beginning of the 21st century and is lost. Today a new mihrāb has been installed on the site.
use
The fact that two Hane were standing close together has led to speculation about the use of the Küçük Kızılören Hanı. In the past the theory was that it was a mosque. This is no longer accepted today for the following reasons:
- the mihrāb (prayer niche) is not oriented exactly towards Mecca and was only built in afterwards, as later investigations showed.
- the nearest settlement was at least four kilometers away and there were no other settlements in the vicinity, so there is no need to build a mosque here.
- In the neighboring Kızılören Hanı there was already a prayer room.
Today one sees in the Han either another accommodation option as alternative quarters if the Kızılören Hanı should be fully occupied, or as a special quarters for soldiers and messenger riders of the Seljuks. A similar combination of a large Han with a small outbuilding can only be found at Kurum Han in Afşin .
See also
Photo gallery
Entrance to the Kızılören Küçük Han.
The right aisle with the newly built mihrab.
The left aisle.
View of the Han from the northwest.
View from the roof of Hans to the south to the village of Kızılören.
View from Kızılören Küçük Han to Kızılören Han (towards the north)
literature
- Kurt Erdmann : The Anatolian Karavansaray of the 13th century . Berlin 1961.
- Kaymakcı, Pınar Ertepınar: Geoarchaelogical Investigation of Central Anatolian Caravanserais using GIS ; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 2005
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rahmi Hüseyin Ünal: Kızılören Hanı Yakınındaki Yapının İşlevi Hakkında Gözlemler. In the art history journal Sanat Tarihi Dergisi , issue no.6
- ↑ Konya Hanları. In: restorasyonforum.com. Retrieved May 15, 2020 (Turkish).
- ↑ AlbumG (1907). In: gerty.ncl.ac.uk. Newcastle University's Gertrude Bell Archives, accessed May 15, 2020 .
- ^ R. Riefstahl: Turkish architecture in southwestern Anatolia. Cambridge (Mass.), 1931, p. 6
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ KIZILÔREN HANI YAKININDAKi YAPININ i LEVi HAKKBVDA GÔZLEMLER. DocPlayer, accessed on May 22, 2020 .
- ↑ Kurt Erdmann: Das Anatolische Karavansaray of the 13th century , Berlin, 1961, p. 48 ff
- ↑ Ayşıl Tükel Yavuz: Muqarnas, An Annual on the visual Cultures of the Islamic World , Volume 14, Leiden, Boston, 1997