Kızılören Hanı
Coordinates: 37 ° 52 ′ 24.6 " N , 32 ° 4 ′ 35.1" E
The Kızılören Hanı is a Seljuk caravanserai in the Turkish province of Konya in Anatolia .
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location
The Kızılören Hanı is located near the village of Kızılören in the Meram municipality in the district of the same name, south of the D 330 national road between Beyşehir and Konya . Coming from Konya, turn left into a small dirt road after 39 km and reach Han after 20 m. When it was built, it was on the historic Via Sebastia from Isparta to Konya. The Han can currently (2020) only be viewed from the outside. The next Han towards Konya was the Altinapa Han (today lying in the Altinapa reservoir ) after thirteen kilometers and towards Beyşehir the Kuruçeşme Han, of which the exact location is no longer known.
Surname
Today the Han is called like the closest settlement Kızılören (formerly also: Kızılviran), which is about 3.5 kilometers away today. It is also known regionally under the names Atlı Han , Kızılviran Hanı , Emir Kandemir Hanı (name of the founder), Hanönü , Yazıönü Hanı . The name Atlı Han comes from the use of the building in early 2000 as a restaurant and riding facility. The term “Yazıönü Hanı” refers to the position of Hans “in front of the plain” (Yazı önü) .
history
The construction was carried out on behalf of the Seljuk sultan Kai Chosrau I (Turkish: I. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev ); The money was donated by Emir Kutluğ bin Muhammed of Antalya (also: Emir Shah) or, in Turkish, Emir Kandemir. The Han was started in 1205 and completed in September 1206. This makes Kızılören Han one of the oldest Seljuk Hane. Over the centuries, the han lost its importance and the caravanserai gradually fell into disrepair. Since the Han was away from settlements, he was spared the fate of serving as a quarry for other buildings (as happened, for example, with the Eğirdir-Han ). Pictures by Gertrude Bell from 1907 prove that the Han was already in ruins at the beginning of the 20th century . The residents of the area used the Han as an emergency shelter and as a stable for their animals. Even Rudolf Meyer Riefenstahl designated 1930 the Han as a ruin.
From April 2008 to June 2009 the Han was renovated together with the Küçük Kızılören Hanı for the equivalent of one million euros (conversion based on 2008). It then served the catering trade in conjunction with a horse ranch. The Han is closed since 2017.
architecture
The Han consists of two interconnected structures, the “summer courtyard” and the “winter hall”. The caravanserai is oriented from northwest to southeast. The entrance is located in the northwest and consists of a 3.2 m wide gate, which is flanked on the right and left by two tower-like buildings. The entire gate area is about fifteen meters wide and five meters deep. There is accommodation for the gatekeeper in the right gate area. On the upper floor of the gate area there are three rooms, the middle one was probably used as a treasure chamber and the left one as a small mosque (approx. 5 × 5 m), as indicated by the remains of a mihrāb (prayer niche). A stone staircase leads up to the mosque.
Behind it is the "Sommerhof", it is about 45 meters wide and 50 meters long. It consists of a 45 m long and 20 m wide inner courtyard. To the right and left are four open niches (so-called Iwane ) that are 2.6 m wide and 6.3 m deep.
Behind it is the winter hall, a three-nave roofed building. This hall is 37.5 m wide and 45 m long. The central nave is 15 m wider than the two side aisles, each 11 m. The construction is supported by ten columns and a barrel vault . Narrow slot windows between the arches on the south side serve as light sources.
The walls consist of two rows of cut limestone, which were filled in the middle with mortar and rubble stones, some of which were sedimentary.
ornament
The Han contains almost no decorations from the Seljuk period, and there is also no typical Seljuk muqarna decoration. Most of the jewelry seen today comes from the 2008 renovation.
Above the gate a white marble plaque was installed - interestingly, on the inside of the door and not common on the outside like - which in Arabic Nashi revealed the name of the builder and the date -Schrift. This tablet was still in the Han until the mid-1980s and was stolen by treasure robbers. Only one photograph from 1941 still exists. The original photo has also been lost. The Arabic inscription read: Built during the reign of the Great Sultan, the Sultan of the Arabs and Persians, the hero and the deputy to the Commander of the Faithful, Kılıçarslan bin Keyhüsrev. Emir Kandemir ordered the construction of this Hans in the month of Muharram in the year 603.
The mihrāb (prayer niche) in the shape of a large scallop shell from the Seljuk era was carved out by treasure robbers at the beginning of the 20th century and is now lost. Today there is a new copy.
Very few spoils were used during construction, for example in the inner courtyard.
particularities
Another small Seljuq Han, the Küçük Kızılören Hanı, is three hundred meters away . It is still unclear why two caravanserais were built here almost next to each other. The number of Hane on the route from Konya to Isparta is also striking. While there is usually a day's journey between the houses, there were many Hane here who are only eight to twenty kilometers apart.
See also
Photo gallery
Kızılören Han from the southeast
Seljuk cistern in front of the Han
Kızılören Han, south wall
Kızılören Han; Entrance area
Kızılören Han; South side
View from Kızılören Küçük Han to Kızılören Han
literature
- Kurt Erdmann : The Anatolian Karavansaray of the 13th century . Berlin 1961.
- Kaymakcı, Pınar Ertepınar: Geoarchaelogical Investigation of Central Anatolian Caravanserais using GIS ; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 2005
- Stephen Hill (Ed.): Gertrude Bell 1868-1926: Selection from the Photographic Archive of an Archaeologist and Traveler . London 1976, ISBN 978-0-905423-00-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kaymakcı, Pınar Ertepınar: Geoarchaelogical Investigation of Central Anatolian Caravanserais using GIS; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 2005
- ^ Gertrude Bell Archives, Newcastle University
- ^ R. Riefstahl, Turkish Architecture in Southwestern Anatolia, p. 6; Cambridge (Mass.), 1931
- ↑ http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.632.5427&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- ↑ https://www.semerkanddanbosnaya.com/portfolio/kizilcaoren-han/
- ^ Translation after Paul Wittek; https://www.restorasyonforum.com/konya/konya-hanlari/
- ↑ https://www.restorasyonforum.com/konya/konya-hanlari/
- ↑ Kaymakcı, Pınar Ertepınar: Geoarchaelogical Investigation of Central Anatolian Caravanserais using GIS; P. 31; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 2005