KLM flight 867
| KLM flight 867 | |
|---|---|
 The affected machine in 2008 at Kuala Lumpur Airport |
|
| Accident summary | |
| Accident type | Failure of all four engines due to the sucking in of volcanic ash |
| place | Mount Redoubt Volcano , Alaska , USA |
| date | December 15, 1989 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Survivors | 245 (all) |
| Injured | 0 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Boeing 747-400 |
| operator | KLM |
| Mark | PH-BFC |
| Passengers | 231 |
| crew | 14th |
| Lists of aviation accidents | |
KLM Flight 867 was a scheduled flight of KLM with a Boeing 747-400 from Amsterdam to Anchorage , during which an incident occurred in 1989: After entering a cloud of volcanic ash from the Mount Redoubt volcano , all four engines failed. After leaving the ash cloud, the engines were restarted.
Course of the incident
On 15. December 1989 , a was Boeing 747-400 of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines in 28,000 feet altitude (about 8,500 meters) on the flight from Amsterdam Schiphol to Anchorage in Alaska . The eruption of Mount Redoubt a week before the incident had temporarily closed the area's airways . The flight was the first to use the route once cleared by the Federal Aviation Administration . Although the authorities assumed that the ash cloud had cleared, there was also an exemption permit, if necessary, to venture into Soviet airspace. An hour before the KLM plane reached the area, Mount Redoubt erupted again.
When entering a cloud that looked like a normal rain cloud, the cockpit crew noticed that it was getting unusually dark outside and the cockpit was filling with a brownish dust. A sulfur compound smell was also perceived, whereupon the crew decided to leave the cloud by initiating a climb . During the climb fell by the suction of ash particles within 59 seconds, all four engines, since it to a stall of the air to be compressed on the aerodynamically shaped air compressor blades (compressor stall) came of a flameout caused. Since the engines drove the generators for the power supply, there was a power failure after the engines stopped, so that only battery-operated instruments were available. In addition, short circuits occurred due to the penetration of ash . All airspeed indicators failed, so that no reliable speedometer was available either. An advertisement falsely reported a fire in the hold.
At an altitude of around 13,000 ft (approx. 4,000 m ) it was possible to restart two of the engines, at 6,000 ft (approx. 1,830 m) the two remaining engines could also be restarted. According to other reports, the fourth engine did not start again until the approach to landing at Anchorage. The fine ash particles had acted on the windshield of the cockpit like a sandblast , so that the view to the front was only possible through the side windows. Nevertheless, it landed safely in Anchorage.
The ash cloud caused property damage of 80 million US dollars to the aircraft .
When the machine was examined, 80 kilograms of ash were found in each of the four engines.
The aircraft, an almost new Boeing 747-400 with the serial number 23982, the designation "Calgary" and the Dutch aircraft registration PH-BFC, remained in service with KLM until March 2018.
A similar incident occurred in 1982 when a British Airways Boeing 747 flew south of Java through the ash cloud of a volcano and its engines also failed.
literature
- Gimmestad, GG, et al. 2001. Feasibility Study of Radiometry for Airborne Detection of Aviation Hazards. NASA Report NASA / CR-2001-210855
- Hufford, GL, LJ Salinas, et al. 2000. Operational implications of airborne volcanic ash. In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, pp. 745-756
- Ellrod, GP, BH Connell, and DW Hillger. 2003. Improved detection of airborne volcanic ash using multispectral infrared satellite data. In: Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (July 27): 4356. Abstract available .
- Love, SL, and F. Goff. 2002. Remote monitoring of volcanic gases using passive infrared spectroscopy: Results and lessons learned from various volcanoes. American Geophysical Union spring meeting. May 28-31. Washington, DC abstract available (PDF; 113 kB).
Web links
- Aircraft accident data and report in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Volcanic Hazards — Impacts on Aviation. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Disaster Prevention and Prediction of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; United States Senate; One Hundred Ninth Congress; Second Session ( English , PDF; 125 kB) March 16, 2006. Accessed January 30, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e Volcano flames out KLM 747 ( English ) Flight International . 1990. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
- ↑ a b Report on Flight 867
- ↑ spiegel.de: Dangerous ash clouds - nightmare for all pilots
- ↑ A. Preiß: Entry disruptions in aircraft gas turbines (diss.) Pp. 8 + 9; 7 MB
- ↑ https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/Boeing/747/PH-BFC-KLM-Royal-Dutch-Airlines/XxQQt54o