Biesings Concentration Camp External Command

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From April 5, 1944 to around April 7, 1945, the Biesings concentration camp external command was one of the subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp . It was located in the district of Schlachters, which belongs to the municipality of Sigmarszell in the district of Lindau (Lake Constance) , and was therefore also called Schlachters ' external command .

Accommodation barracks of the external concentration camp in Biesings

The Institute for Defense Scientific Purpose Research of the SS organization Ahnenerbe had developed the hemostyptic Polygal through its part-time head of Department R, the air force doctor Sigmund Rascher and his prison inmate Robert Feix . This preparation, obtained from pectin from apples and beets, was designed to reduce blood loss in the event of gunshot and splinter wounds. Rascher's prison functionary Walter Neff was involved in the development . At the suggestion of Ahnenerbe managing director Wolfram Sievers, he was released from custody and into military service. He did this for the police, so that Himmler, as the chief of the German police, could order Neff to the Ahnenerbe. Neff's post-war statements tend to be apologetic in the mirror of SS complicity.

Feix had developed a process to atomize the basic substances of the preparation in a vacuum (and then to press them into tablets). He had this patented after the war. He and Sievers found the machines required for this in a disused factory of the Edelweiß cheese dairy in Schlachters Biesings. Sievers applied to the camp commandant Weiter for a detainee detachment to renovate the factory and prepare the accommodations. He called on March 22, 1944 Next also the prisoners Franz Jauk, Otto Albel, Hans Puffler, Kasimir Wawrziniak and Michael Rauch, at at , "out on leave from prison" The prisoners were considered and were largely unguarded. The security officer Walter Neff was responsible for the guard, but he traveled a lot. Sievers signed a lease for the 50sqm bowling alley in the hall of the Post Inn to accommodate the prisoners on leave there.

After Rascher was arrested on March 30, 1944 on Himmler's orders, the Waffen SS doctor Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Kurt Plötner initially provisionally and later permanently Rascher's department in the Institute for Defense Research. In this function he occasionally visited the “butcher's command”.

Plötner, Feix and Neff put the begun in Dachau attempts to produce a factory Edelweiss in Sigmar cell (Milchwerk butcher) in the Obstbrennerei Nikolodi and the former hemostatic agent on the basis of pectin on. The prisoners were used in production. They also tested the various formulations of the preparation. To do this, they sucked the tablets and at certain time intervals blood from the vein was stirred on a microscope slide until it started to clot. Due to the chaotic experiments Rascher restructured by Plötner, the formula for the preparation was optimized. Ahnenerbe accountant Alfons Eben was responsible for the commercial management of production, while Plötner was responsible for the medical management.

Due to the leave of absence from custody and largely without guard, the prisoners in the commando had considerable freedom. A prisoner from Kaufbeuren is said to have met his wife in Schlachters and visited her several times by train in his hometown.

As early as 1943, three alternative production sites for Polygal had been examined: Lustenau, Schlachters and Lochau. On March 27, 1945, work began on implementing an order from Oswald Pohl , who had slammed the Polygal production facility of his Deutsche Heilmittel GmbH in Prague. The Plötners department was to be relocated from Dachau and the Polygal production from Schlachters to Lochau. This created the new Lochau satellite camp . Under the direction of Plötner and Alfons Eben, the prisoners relocated the production facilities with the Reichsbahn on March 29, 1945.

Shortly before 2000, a new building was erected in place of the remains of the building.

literature

  • Karl Schweizer: “The National Socialism in the City and District of Lindau”, in: Andreas Kurz (ed.): At home in the district of Lindau. Yearbook of the district of Lindau , pp. 113–135. Wilfried Eppe Verlag, Bergatreute 1998, ISBN 3-89089-048-2 .
  • Julien Reitzenstein: Himmler's Researcher. Defense science and medical crime in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 .
  • Julien Reitzenstein: The SS-Ahnenerbe and the "Strasbourg skull collection". Fritz Bauer's last case. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-428-15313-8 .
  • Gernot Römer: The Place of Terror: History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps . Ed .: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel , Angelika Königseder. CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 978-3-406-52962-7 , butcher's external command , p. 481–482, 386 ( google.de [accessed October 20, 2013] 607 pages).
  • Gudrun Schwarz: The National Socialist Camps , Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / New York 1990, pp. 154–159

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ Directory of the concentration camps and their external commands in accordance with Section 42 (2) BEG No. 1302 Schlachters, Lindau district, Sigmarszell municipality
  2. ↑ Protocols of the Nuremberg Doctor Trial, Annex Document Volume 11, NO-438, p. 1482, Rascher Research Report of September 15, 1943.
  3. ↑ BArch NS 21/59 Personal files Neff, cf. Julien Reitzenstein : Himmler's Researcher. Defense science and medical crimes in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , pp. 130, 189, 192.
  4. ↑ Julien Reitzenstein : Himmler's researcher. Defense science and medical crimes in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , p. 192.
  5. ↑ IfZ MA 1562, Pre-Trial-Interrogations Sievers from January 11, 1947, p. 7, cf. Julien Reitzenstein: Himmler's Researcher. Defense science and medical crimes in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , p. 201.
  6. ↑ Patent No. 233550 of the Federal Patent Office, registered October 14, 1941, granted August 15, 1944, reference: database of the German Patent and Trademark Office, www.dpma.de.
  7. ↑ BArch NS 21/96, first letter from Sievers to Weiter of March 22, 1944.
  8. ↑ BArch NS 21/96, Second letter from Sievers to Weiter of March 22, 1944.
  9. ↑ BArch NS 21/96, letter from Plötner, Kurt to Sievers from May 18, 1944, cf. Julien Reitzenstein: Himmler's Researcher. Defense science and medical crimes in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , p. 223.
  10. ↑ Protocols of the Nuremberg Doctor Trial, Annex Document Volume 11, NO-438, p. 1482, Rascher Research Report of September 15, 1943.
  11. ↑ see literature Benz-Distel-Königseder: Der Ort des Terrors .
  12. ↑ Julien Reitzenstein: Himmler's researcher. Military science and medical crimes in the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , p. 196.
  13. ↑ Julien Reitzenstein: Himmler's researcher. Military science and medical crimes in the “Ahnenerbe” of the SS. Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn 2014, ISBN 978-3-506-76657-1 , p. 323.
  14. ↑ see literature Benz-Distel-Königseder: Der Ort des Terrors .

Coordinates: 47 ° 35 ′ 29 ″  N , 9 ° 45 ′ 18 ″  E